{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T13:05:13Z","timestamp":1784120713687,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study examined the incidence, diagnostic methods, bacterial isolates, treatments and outcomes associated with cystitis in guinea pigs presented at a single clinic between 2009 and 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The clinic's medical records database was reviewed using\n                      <jats:italic>easyvet<\/jats:italic>\n                      software to identify cases eligible for inclusion in the study. Inclusion criteria were leukocyturia and\/or bacteriuria, with at least one radiographic and one ultrasonographic examination. Culture\u2010confirmed cases with imaging\u2010based diagnoses were also included.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010six guinea pigs met the inclusion criteria. Clinical signs included haematuria (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a012), incontinence (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a010), stranguria (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05), abdominal discomfort (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a06), inappetence (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08), weight loss (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a04) and apathy (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03). Ultrasonography revealed ascites (28%), peritonitis (33%) and urinary bladder sludge (63%). Bacterial isolates were obtained in 21 cases, with\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium renale<\/jats:italic>\n                      (50%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. (21%) being most frequently isolated. Resistance to fluoroquinolones was observed, while the highest susceptibility was observed with chloramphenicol. Recurrence\/reinfection occurred in 37% of cases, and the median survival time was 249 days. Euthanasia owing to severe cystitis was required in 24% of cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The absence of urine culture in 25 cases reduced diagnostic certainty. The retrospective nature limited full assessment of antimicrobial resistance patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cystitis involving\n                      <jats:italic>C. renale<\/jats:italic>\n                      was linked to chronic progression and high recurrence rates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.70391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T04:46:48Z","timestamp":1770871608000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cystitis in guinea pigs (\n                    <i>Cavia porcellus<\/i>\n                    ): Clinical findings and treatment outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"199","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6116-0640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anika","family":"Mische","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"AniCura Veterinary Clinic Haar  Haar Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0618-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Berlin 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