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Fluoroquinolones such as enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin are commonly co\u2010administered with flunixin meglumine, yet NSAID\u2010related pharmacokinetic interactions in preweaning calves remain poorly defined. This study evaluated flunixin's effects on these drugs\u2019 pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic (PK\/PD) indices against key bovine respiratory pathogens of clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten healthy Holando Argentino calves (20\u201330 days old) received enrofloxacin (5 mg\/kg intramuscularly) or marbofloxacin (6 mg\/kg intramuscularly). After a 15\u2010day washout period, calves received the same antimicrobial co\u2010administered with flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg\/kg intramuscularly). The plasma concentrations of the drugs in the first 24 hours after administration were measured using validated high\u2010performance liquid chromatography, and non\u2010compartmental analysis was performed to derive pharmacokinetic parameters. PK\/PD indices were also calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Flunixin meglumine significantly prolonged the elimination half\u2010life of both antimicrobials without modifying the area under the concentration\u2013time curve from 0 to 24 hours. It also reduced the biotransformation of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin. PK\/PD targets were achieved for\n                      <jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Histophilus somni<\/jats:italic>\n                      but not for\n                      <jats:italic>Mannheimia haemolytica<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was limited by the use of clinically healthy calves only, the small sample size, reliance on published minimum inhibitory concentration values and plasma\u2010based PK\/PD analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Flunixin prolongs elimination of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin without compromising estimated efficacy, although optimisation may be required for some bovine respiratory disease pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.70473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T07:34:51Z","timestamp":1773646491000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of flunixin meglumine on the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in preweaning calves"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"199","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2404-8127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia Urz\u00faa","family":"Pizarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s  Puerto Montt Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda J.","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednica Animal Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto  Rio Cuarto Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednica Animal Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto  Rio Cuarto Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos L\u00fcders","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Temuco  Temuco Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Errecalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednica Animal Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto  Rio Cuarto Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252314000140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189090"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab373"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-39055-2.00004-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2023.1076100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-019-01361-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2020.101494"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2021.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08945-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108432"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/jvmr.2019.43335"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13483"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of antimicrobial agents in combination with flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone on acute phase response in respiratory disease of calves. 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