{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T13:17:07Z","timestamp":1775135827929,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the causes, treatment options and associated complications of ear canal tears and avulsions in dogs and cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective clinical study includes 14 cats and 10 dogs diagnosed with external ear canal tears and avulsions using otoscopy and\/or computed tomography. Information extracted from the relevant clinical records included signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging findings, surgical procedures performed and complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most common cause of ear canal tears and avulsions was acute trauma (17\/24 cases). In 92% (22\/24) of the cases, an interruption of ear canal continuity was visible on otoscopy: in five cases, complete avulsion occurred; in 12 cases, partial avulsion occurred; and in six cases, a perforating tear occurred. Nine patients underwent a total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy, seven underwent vertical ear canal ablation, and two patients underwent primary repair of the ear canal. Six patients died or were euthanased within the first 14 days after presentation, and 18 patients were discharged. Short\u2010term follow\u2010up identified two minor complications and four major complications requiring revision surgery. Long\u2010term follow\u2010up data were available for 13 patients, of which three had persistent facial nerve paralysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Due to the retrospective nature of this study, the surgical treatment options elected depended on surgeon's preference. Outcome was further influenced by owners electing euthanasia due to financial constraints and comorbidities related to their inciting injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traumatic external ear canal tears and avulsions appear to result in a favourable outcome when treated surgically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.70556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T12:24:52Z","timestamp":1775132692000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Causes, treatment and outcome of external ear canal tears and avulsions in cats and dogs: 24 cases (2008\u20122024)"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Eva M.","family":"Billau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic (Surgery) Justus Liebig University Giessen  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cetina","family":"Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic (Surgery) Justus Liebig University Giessen  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.148.22.696","article-title":"Traumatic separation of the auricular and annular cartilages in two cats","volume":"148","author":"Kyles AE","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1997.211.04.448","article-title":"Traumatic separation of the annular cartilage from the external auditory meatus in a cat","volume":"211","author":"Smeak DD","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2003.10.001","article-title":"Surgical management of acute ear canal separation in a cat","volume":"6","author":"Clarke SP","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01430.x","article-title":"Treatment of traumatic separation of the auricular and annular cartilages without ablation: results in five dogs","volume":"25","author":"Boothe HW","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02031.x","article-title":"Para\u2010aural abscessation following traumatic ear canal separation in a dog","volume":"42","author":"Connery NA","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-31-5-419","article-title":"Traumatic ear canal separations and para\u2010aural abscessation in three dogs","volume":"31","author":"McCarthy PE","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00476.x","article-title":"Separation of the auricular and annular ear cartilages: surgical repair technique and clinical use in dogs and cats","volume":"38","author":"Tivers MS","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"2309","volume-title":"Veterinary surgery: small animal","author":"Bacon NJ","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.202.06.949","article-title":"Effect of total ablation of the external acoustic meatus and bulla osteotomy on auditory function in dogs","volume":"202","author":"Krahwinkel DJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.250.7.785","article-title":"Factors that influence small animal veterinarians' opinions and actions regarding cost of care and effects of economic limitations on patient care and outcome and professional career satisfaction and burnout","volume":"250","author":"Kipperman BS","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13206","article-title":"High\u2010rise syndrome in cats and dogs","volume":"32","author":"Lefman S","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2004.00375.x","article-title":"Ear cleaning: the UK and US perspective","volume":"15","author":"Nuttall T","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12704","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical management, and outcomes of dogs involved in road traffic accidents in the United Kingdom (2009\u20122014)","volume":"28","author":"Harris GL","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2003.tb00101.x","article-title":"Total ear canal ablation in the cat: indications, morbidity and long\u2010term survival","volume":"44","author":"Bacon NJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Outcome after total ear canal ablation and subtotal bulla osteotomy (TECASBO) in 23 dogs","volume":"98","author":"Guillaumot P","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wien Tier\u00e4rztl Monatsschr"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.209.05.937","article-title":"Treatment of recurrent otitis media that developed after total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs: nine cases (1986\u20121994)","volume":"209","author":"Smeak DD","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12906","article-title":"Incidence, cause, outcome and possible risk factors associated with facial nerve paralysis in dogs in a Sydney population (2001\u20122016): a retrospective study","volume":"98","author":"Chan MK","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12057","article-title":"Use of a hearing loss grading system and an owner\u2010based hearing questionnaire to assess hearing loss in pet dogs with chronic otitis externa or otitis media","volume":"24","author":"Mason CL","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.70556","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vetr.70556","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.70556","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T12:24:54Z","timestamp":1775132694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vetr.70556"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vetr.70556"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vetr.70556","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-4900","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"article-number":"vetr.70556"}}