{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T19:14:16Z","timestamp":1785525256371,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000162","name":"Division of Antarctic Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2042032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2042032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018612","name":"Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA21NOS12009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA21NOS12009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013316","name":"Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RC20\u20101284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC20\u20101284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When working with free\u2010ranging phocid seals, methods of chemical immobilisation require ongoing refinement to reduce complications, particularly apnoea, during research procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adult Weddell seals (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 20) at Cape Crozier, Antarctica, were chemically immobilised with intramuscular injection of butorphanol and midazolam in 2024 and 2025.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Butorphanol and midazolam were administered intramuscularly at 0.16 \u00b1 0.03 and 0.19 \u00b1 0.03\u00a0mg\/kg, respectively. No apnoea lasting more than 2\u00a0minutes was observed, nor were any other adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample was limited to 20 adults, predominantly mid\u2010lactation females (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 14). Additional data on other demographic groups, varying the dose combination, more detailed records of seal vital signs, and additional physiological measurements (e.g., blood gases) would provide valuable insight into this drug combination for Weddell seals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this limited study, intramuscular butorphanol and midazolam were a safe and effective combination for field immobilisation of adult Weddell seals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.70740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T11:23:59Z","timestamp":1778671439000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Field immobilisation of adult Weddell seals using intramuscular butorphanol and midazolam"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"199","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8668-3839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel R.","family":"Holser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Sciences University of California  Santa Cruz California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2982-4244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel P.","family":"Hickcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environment University of Canterbury  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0233-5782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Sciences University of California  Santa Cruz California USA"},{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California  Santa Cruz California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hildebrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environment University of Canterbury  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2226-4213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah P.","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3886-6059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle A.","family":"LaRue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environment University of Canterbury  Christchurch New 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