{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:59:57Z","timestamp":1785286797671,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000882","name":"University of Aberdeen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000882","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study explores the impact of workplace incivility on veterinary professionals, coping strategies at various levels, and variations dependent on context to provide practical recommendations for organisational management of incivility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Semi\u2010structured interviews based on the critical incident technique were employed, involving 18 veterinary professionals in various contexts and roles at participating organisations in the UK. The qualitative data were analysed using conventional content analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings indicate adverse impacts of incivility, with organisational\u2010level implications for quitting, team dynamics and patient safety. Existing organisational\u2010level mitigation strategies included fostering civility, feedback sessions and education. Participating receptionists and students reportedly experienced more incivility than veterinarians and nurses. Equine veterinarians faced increased incivility at events and due to insurance implications. In teaching settings, participants highlighted the need for student\u2010based interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data are qualitative, making causality difficult to determine. Furthermore, the findings may not be more widely generalisable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concerned veterinary practices are recommended to review their incivility management system and improve clarity of existing processes. Equine clinics may gain from providing personalised resources, while teaching hospitals may benefit from building psychological safety and modelling appropriate responses to incivility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.70975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:36:29Z","timestamp":1785285389000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u2018We don't accept disrespectful behaviour\u2019: Exploring the experience and management of workplace incivility across different contexts in the veterinary industry"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Ilinca\u2010Ruxandra","family":"Tone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Psychology &amp; Human Factors School of Psychology University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2526-4750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Psychology &amp; Human Factors School of Psychology University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Silver\u2010MacMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Being Human Consulting  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1037\/apl0000870","article-title":"Experienced incivility in the workplace: a meta\u2010analytical review of its construct validity and nomological network","volume":"107","author":"Yao J","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.2307\/259136","article-title":"The spiralling effect of incivility in the workplace","volume":"24","author":"Andersson LM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acad Manage Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/job.767","article-title":"The employee as a punching bag: the effect of multiple sources of incivility on employee withdrawal behavior and sales performance","volume":"33","author":"Sliter M","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Org Behav"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2020.02.003","article-title":"Burnout, somatic complaints, and suicidal ideations among veterinarians: development and validation of the veterinarians stressors inventory","volume":"37","author":"Andela M","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Behav"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqp072","article-title":"Psychosocial working conditions and work\u2010related stressors among UK veterinary surgeons","volume":"59","author":"Bartram DJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13620-020-00177-9","article-title":"Causes of stress and conflict in the veterinary professional workplace\u2014a perspective from Poland","volume":"73","author":"Wojtacka J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Irish Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.2030","article-title":"Consequences and coping: investigating client, co\u2010worker and senior colleague incivility within veterinary practice","volume":"191","author":"Irwin A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1064932","article-title":"A qualitative study exploring the perceived effects of veterinarians\u2019 mental health on provision of care","volume":"10","author":"Campbell M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Organizational factors affecting burnout in veterinary nurses: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Chapman AJ","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anthrozoos"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","article-title":"Veterinary nursing students\u2019 experience in the clinical learning environment and the factors affecting their perception","volume":"20","author":"Holt SL","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vet Med Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.1078","article-title":"Ruminating on rudeness: exploring veterinarians\u2019 experiences of client incivility","volume":"190","author":"Irwin A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1080\/02678373.2016.1173124","article-title":"The relationships between incivility, team climate for incivility and job\u2010related employee well\u2010being: a multilevel analysis","volume":"30","author":"Paulin D","year":"2016","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2024.2343939","article-title":"Not all uncivil behaviours are equal: exploring responses to incivility in veterinary practice using vignettes","volume":"68","author":"Irwin A","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.4840","article-title":"Listen, act and support: an investigation into individual and organisational incivility management in veterinary practice","volume":"196","author":"Irwin A","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103312","article-title":"Veterinary team interactions, part one: the practice effect","volume":"177","author":"Kinnison T","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1177\/1468794105056924","article-title":"Fifty years of the critical incident technique: 1954\u20122004 and beyond","volume":"5","author":"Butterfield LD","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1037\/h0061470","article-title":"The critical incident technique","volume":"51","author":"Flanagan JC","year":"1954","journal-title":"Psych Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X05279903","article-title":"How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability","volume":"18","author":"Guest G","year":"2006","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687","article-title":"Three approaches to qualitative content analysis","volume":"15","author":"Hsieh HF","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104662","article-title":"Sources of work stress in veterinary practice in the UK","volume":"184","author":"O'Connor E","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038376","article-title":"Here today but not gone tomorrow: incivility affects after\u2010work and next\u2010day recovery","volume":"20","author":"Nicholson T","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.87.4.698","article-title":"Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature","volume":"87","author":"Rhoades L","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104215","article-title":"Safety culture: the Nottingham veterinary safety culture survey (NVSCS)","volume":"180","author":"Oxtoby C","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31815761ee","article-title":"A complementary approach to promoting professionalism: identifying, measuring and addressing unprofessional behaviours","volume":"82","author":"Hickson GB","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5308-5_3","volume-title":"Special topics and particular occupations, professions and sectors","author":"Yagil D","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.12.3.301","article-title":"Display rules versus display autonomy; emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and task performance in a call center simulation","volume":"12","author":"Goldberg LS","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"738","article-title":"The embodiment of insult: a theory of biobehavioral response to workplace incivility","volume":"48","author":"Cortina LM","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Manage"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2017.07.006","article-title":"Witnessing wrongdoing: The effects of observer power on incivility intervention in the workplace","volume":"142","author":"Hershcovis MS","year":"2017","journal-title":"Org Behav Human Decision Processes"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.8.4.247","article-title":"Raising voice, risking retaliation: events following interpersonal mistreatment in the workplace","volume":"8","author":"Cortina LM","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014934","article-title":"Patterns and profiles of response to incivility in the workplace","volume":"14","author":"Cortina LM","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/2165079918771106","article-title":"Management of nursing workplace incivility in the health care settings: a systematic review","volume":"66","author":"Armstrong N","year":"2018","journal-title":"Workplace Health Safety"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11601-z","article-title":"The impact of incivility in an obstetric emergency: an interventional crossover simulation study","volume":"25","author":"Pierce H","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.38.3.311","article-title":"Piloting interprofessional education interventions with veterinary and veterinary nursing students","volume":"38","author":"Kinnison T","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Med Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.640","article-title":"Client satisfaction in equine veterinary practice: a structured review and qualitative synthesis","volume":"189","author":"Elte Y","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Rec"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.70975","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vetr.70975","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.70975","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:36:34Z","timestamp":1785285394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vetr.70975"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vetr.70975"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vetr.70975","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-4900","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"article-number":"vetr.70975"}}