{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:58:41Z","timestamp":1790744321887,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot observational study evaluated the efficacy of the Humphrey ADE\u2010heated general anaesthetic circuit (HGAC) in reducing perioperative inadvertent hypothermia (PIH) by assessing its mitigation of thermal decline in feline patients undergoing flank ovariohysterectomies (OVHs) under general anaesthesia (GA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perioperative rectal temperatures (RTemps) were collected from 20 cats undergoing OVH, with randomised allocation to either the standard general anaesthetic circuit (SGAC; control group) or the HGAC (experimental group). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean perioperative RTemps did not differ significantly between the HGAC and SGAC groups across the entire perioperative period. However, from 35\u00a0minutes onwards, RTemps were higher in the HGAC group than in the SGAC group, although the difference was not significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.066). RTemps in the HGAC group fluctuated less and increased significantly and gradually as GA progressed (phase 2\u20133:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.016; phase 1\u20133:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.011), whereas RTemps in the SGAC group decreased significantly (phase 1\u20133:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.034), becoming borderline hypothermic at approximately 50\u00a0minutes of operating time.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was limited by its small sample size, which is consistent with a pilot study, and by the involvement of multiple veterinary surgeons in performing the procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HGACs may be beneficial tools warranting further investigation in modern veterinary practice, with the potential to improve patient welfare standards\u00a0by promoting normothermia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.71217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:29:28Z","timestamp":1790742568000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An observational study investigating the efficacy of heated general anaesthetic circuits during feline flank ovariohysterectomies"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Attwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Centre Askham Bryan  York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Centre Askham Bryan  York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4034-0256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loni","family":"Loftus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Centre Askham Bryan  York UK"},{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh  Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Hypothermia in the operating room","author":"Quandt J","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"FielderSE.Normal rectal temperature ranges. MSD veterinary manual.2022. Available from:https:\/\/www.msdvetmanual.com\/special\u2010subjects\/reference\u2010guides\/normal\u2010rectal\u2010temperature\u2010ranges. Accessed 2 Mar 2023."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.12968\/vetn.2015.6.2.124","article-title":"An examination of perioperative temperature fluctuations in canine patients undergoing routine neutering","volume":"6","author":"Fraser M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Nurs"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.12968\/vetn.2023.14.7.292","article-title":"The importance of peri\u2010anaesthetic temperature management: Part 1","volume":"14","author":"Kershaw T","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13328","article-title":"Decreased incidence of perioperative inadvertent hypothermia and faster anesthesia recovery with increased environmental temperature: a nonrandomized controlled study","volume":"49","author":"Rodriguez\u2010Diaz JM","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.56771\/jsmcah.v2.27","article-title":"Incidence of perioperative hypothermia in a high\u2010quality high\u2010volume spay\/neuter setting and association with environmental temperature","volume":"2","author":"Rodriguez\u2010Diaz J","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Shelter Med Commun Anim Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12762","article-title":"Standards of care anaesthesia guidelines for dogs and cats","volume":"96","author":"Warne L","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/70.4.449","article-title":"Effect of radiant heat on the metabolic cost of postoperative shivering","volume":"70","author":"Sharkey A","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105444","article-title":"Survey on conduct of anaesthetic monitoring in small animal practice in the UK","volume":"185","author":"Richardson EM","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061733","article-title":"Physiological and behavioral mechanisms of thermoregulation in mammals","volume":"11","author":"Mota\u2010Rojas D","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8749","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168749","article-title":"Perioperative hypothermia\u2014a narrative review","volume":"18","author":"Rauch S","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/17415349.2020.1824139","article-title":"Anaesthetic breathing systems: safe, efficient and economical use","volume":"36","author":"Thurston A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Nurs J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"ANAEQUIP.Humphrey ADE\u2010circle system.2024. Available from:https:\/\/www.anaequip.com\/ade\u2010circle\/. Accessed 2 Mar 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","unstructured":"Vet Direct.Darvall Heated Circuit Kit With 12 & 16\u00a0mm SWT Plus Lack Adapter.2023. Available from:https:\/\/darvallvet.com\/breathing\u2010circuits-2\/. Accessed 4 Mar 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"Darvall Heated Smooth Wall Circuit Starter Set.2024. Available from:https:\/\/store.darvallvet.com\/swt\u2010heated\u2010rebreathing\u2010circuit\u2010starter\u2010set\/?_ga=2.66820269.225302336.1710292209\u2010597425560.1710292209. Accessed 2 Mar 2023."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.12968\/vetn.2012.3.1.42","article-title":"How to prevent perioperative hypothermia in the dog and cat: causes and consequences","volume":"3","author":"Davies T","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Nurse"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","unstructured":"RCVS. Communication and Consent.Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons.2023. Available from:https:\/\/www.rcvs.org.uk\/setting\u2010standards\/advice\u2010and\u2010guidance\/code\u2010of\u2010professional\u2010conduct\u2010for\u2010veterinary\u2010nurses\/supporting\u2010guidance\/communication\u2010and\u2010consent\/. Accessed 5 Jan 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"342","volume-title":"BSAVA textbook of veterinary nursing","author":"Bowes V","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul F","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-21-000058","article-title":"Effects of a heated anesthesia breathing circuit on body temperature in anesthetized rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta)","volume":"60","author":"Bowling PA","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.71217","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vetr.71217","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.71217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:29:33Z","timestamp":1790742573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vetr.71217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vetr.71217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vetr.71217","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-4900","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"article-number":"vetr.71217"}}