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Surgery was completed uneventfully under fentanyl\u2010 and sevoflurane\u2010based anaesthesia. Cardiorespiratory indices remained stable under mechanical ventilation throughout the procedure. Approximately 23 min after the discontinuation of fentanyl infusion, the investigator noticed jaw closure and stiffness and thoraco\u2010abdominal muscle rigidity. To rule out fentanyl\u2010induced muscle rigidity, naloxone was administered. Following administration of naloxone, there was a return of spontaneous respiratory effort, indicated by capnogram and visible chest wall excursion. Based on the clinical signs and response to naloxone administration, the dog was diagnosed with suspected fentanyl\u2010induced muscle rigidity. Six minutes after the return of spontaneous respiration, the dog was extubated uneventfully without additional naloxone administration. During 4 days of postoperative hospitalization, no recurrent muscle rigidity was observed, and the patient was discharged safely. The total dose of fentanyl administered was 0.61\u00a0mg (27\u00a0\u03bcg kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T10:11:45Z","timestamp":1669025505000},"page":"37-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fentanyl\u2010induced muscle rigidity in a dog during weaning from mechanical ventilation after emergency abdominal surgery: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3895-9973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazumasu","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Service Sendai Animal Care and Research Center  Sendai Japan"},{"name":"Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center  Akita Japan"},{"name":"Addictive Substance Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Rabozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CVRS\u2010Policlinico Veterinario Roma Sud  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictive Substance Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictive Substance Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Ineffective ventilation during conscious sedation due to chest wall rigidity after intravenous midazolam and fentanyl","volume":"37","author":"Ackerman W. 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