{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:14:46Z","timestamp":1772118886370,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) is a zoonotic parasite that can be transmitted from animals to humans, with felids acting as its definitive host. Thus, understanding the epidemiology of this parasite in animal populations is vital to controlling its transmission to humans as well as to other animal groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis aims to summarise and analyse reports of\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in animal species residing in the Arabian Peninsula.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      : It was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses (PRISMA), with relevant studies being retrieved from MEDLINE\/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. All articles published in Arabic or English languages between January 2000 and December 2020 were screened for eligibility. Random effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in different animal populations which were found to harbour this infection. The critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies designed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was used to assess the risk of bias in all included studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 15 studies were retrieved, reporting prevalence estimates from 4 countries in this region and in 13 animal species. Quantitative meta\u2010analysis estimated a pooled prevalence of 43% in felids [95% confidence interval (CI) = 23\u201364%,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      index = 100%], 48% in sheep (95% CI = 27\u201370%,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 99%) and 21% in camels (95% CI = 7\u201335%,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 99%). Evidence of possible publication bias was found in both felids and sheep.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This meta\u2010analysis estimates a high prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in animal species which are of high economic and cultural importance to countries of this region. Hence, these findings provide valuable insight to public health authorities as well as economic and animal resources advisors in countries of the Arabian Peninsula.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T05:45:18Z","timestamp":1669009518000},"page":"471-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence of\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    infection in animals of the Arabian Peninsula between 2000\u20132020: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Abdelgadier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences College of Arts and Sciences Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Assaad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences College of Arts and Sciences Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaynab","family":"Elhussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences College of Arts and Sciences Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulla M.","family":"Al\u2010Marri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Laboratory Animal Resources Ministry of Municipality  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Suliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Sciences Ibn Sina University  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7427-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid","family":"Eltom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology The Central Laboratory Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ebtisam A.","family":"Al\u2010Mslemani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases Animal Resources Ministry of Municipality  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul Azia","family":"Al\u2010Zeyara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Resources Ministry of Municipality  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdel Rahim M. 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