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There are reports of antimicrobial resistance and multiple staphylococcal superantigen genes in many countries and several provinces of China, but the status in Chongqing, China is uncertain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and other molecular characteristics of\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from livestock animals in Chongqing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was isolated and identified by selective enrichment and amplification of the\n                      <jats:italic>nuc<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene from 1371 samples collected at farms in Chongqing. The agar dilution method was used to determine the resistant phenotype, and extended spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamase genes were amplified by PCR. Methicillin\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was verified by the presence of the\n                      <jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, and the presence or absence of SE, SEl, and TSST\u20101 genes was detected in the isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We cultured 89\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from 1371 samples between March 2014 and December 2017. These isolates were from pigs, cattle, goats, rabbits, and chickens. There were four methicillin\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains (three from pigs and one from a chicken). The 89 isolates had high resistance to penicillin (93.3%) and ampicillin (92.1%), but most were susceptible to amikacin and ofloxacin, with resistance rates below 10%. A total of 62.9% of the isolates had varying degrees of multidrug resistance. Almost all strains, except for three isolates from chickens, were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>TEM\u20101a<\/jats:sub>\n                      . There were 19 of 20 tested staphylococcal SE\/SEl\/TSST\u20101 genes present (all except for\n                      <jats:italic>seq<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and the predominant genes were\n                      <jats:italic>sei<\/jats:italic>\n                      (58.4%),\n                      <jats:italic>tst\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                      (56.2%), and\n                      <jats:italic>seg<\/jats:italic>\n                      (51.7%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The high antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>TEM\u20101a<\/jats:sub>\n                      reinforce the need to reduce the usage of antimicrobials in livestock. The universal existence of staphylococcal toxin genes implies a potential threat to public health by animal\u2010to\u2010human transmission via the food chain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]],"date-time":"2022-12-10T07:10:14Z","timestamp":1670656214000},"page":"513-522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and staphylococcal toxin genes of\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>TEM\u20101a<\/sub>\n                    \u2010producing\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    isolated from animals in Chongqing, China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Qingshuang","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology College of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology College of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology College of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology College of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoju","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology College of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6978-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honglei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology College of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2548-2553.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02128-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2012.1205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.1.1-7.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals. 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