{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:15:19Z","timestamp":1772118919956,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Castration is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in dogs. However, based on increasing evidence, male animals experience significant pain after castration. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), one of the main bioactive components in A. membranaceus bunge, has been widely used as part of Fu\u2010Zheng therapy to enhance natural defense mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was carried out to determine the effects of supplementing different doses of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS; control, 0\u00a0mg\/kg; APSL, 400\u00a0mg\/kg; and APSH, 800\u00a0mg\/kg) for 8 weeks on the haematology and serum chemistry profiles, immune response, and oxidative stress status in weanling beagle dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After adapting to the experimental environment for 1 week, 18 male beagle dogs (Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, China; average initial weight, 3.80\u00a0\u00b1 0.43\u00a0g; age, 3\u2010month\u2010old) were randomly allotted to diets supplemented with three doses of APS (Control, 0\u00a0mg\/kg; low, 400\u00a0mg\/kg; and high, 800\u00a0mg\/kg), referred to as control, APSL, and APSH, respectively; six dogs were assigned to each treatment. The dogs were fed the respective diets twice daily at 08:30 and 16:30\u00a0h in sufficient quantity to supply the metabolizable energy requirements for 8 weeks. On day 43 (19 weeks old), the dogs were castrated. On days 42 (prior to castration, 19 weeks old), 50 (day 7 after castration, 20 weeks old), and 57 (day 14 after castration, 21 weeks old) to measure the haematology, blood chemistry, immune response, and oxidative stress status parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Based on our findings, the APSH diet decreased weight gain and increased the feed to gain ratio in dogs (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). At 14 days after castration, the wound was almost closed, slightly swollen, dry, and clean in the groups supplemented with APS. In addition, optimal APS supplementation was found to decrease erythrocyte count (RBC), haematocrit (HCT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2), and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) levels, and cortisol and protein carbonyl (PC) concentrations (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and platelet (PLT) levels, interleukin 10 (IL\u201010) and glutathione (GSH) content, and Cu\/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (Se\u2010GPx) activities were increased in the APS supplemented groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05)\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrated that supplementing weanling beagle dogs with optimum APS could positively affect wound healing by improving their haematological profile (decreased RBC and HCT content, increased MCH and PLT levels), serum biochemical parameters (decreased ALP and ALT content), immune status (decreased CRP, IL\u20101\u03b2, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels; increased IL\u201010 content), and antioxidant defense (decreased cortisol and PC content; increased GSH content, and SOD1, CAT, and Se\u2010GPx activities). However, the detailed mechanism whereby APS regulates these changes requires further investigation. In addition, the results of this study suggest that 400\u00a0mg\/kg diet is the optimum APS dose for beagle dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T12:28:58Z","timestamp":1672403338000},"page":"98-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) supplement in beagle dogs after castration: Effects on the haematology and serum chemistry profiles, immune response, and oxidative stress status"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2706-5811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian\u2010Bo","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Laboratory Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Animal Sciences Academy Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Laboratory Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin\u2010Yin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Laboratory Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo\u2010Qiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Laboratory Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie\u2010Ying","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Laboratory Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Laboratory Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2015.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2019.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20061845","article-title":"Dietary branched\u2010chain amino acid valine, isoleucine and leucine requirements of fingerling Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)","volume":"96","author":"Ahmed I.","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx182"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Dogs and cats nutrient profiles","author":"Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"20861","article-title":"Protective potency of Astragalus polysaccharides against tilmicosin\u2010induced cardiac injury via targeting oxidative stress and cell apoptosis\u2010encoding pathways in rat","volume":"73","author":"Awad A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-009-8535-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.25.6.4659"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livprodsci.2005.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2009.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2010.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00146266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8359013","article-title":"Effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on cardiac dysfunction in db\/db mice with respect to oxidant stress","volume":"4","author":"Chen W.","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/77\/2010-VETMED"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2008.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719801700706"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6861078","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6861078","article-title":"Characterization of the physiological response following in vivo administration of Astragalus membranaceus","volume":"2","author":"Denzler K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evidence\u2010Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2011.01257.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2009.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2003.39.10.799472"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17033155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2013.1074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122746"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"254","article-title":"Current techniques in small animal surgery","volume":"17","author":"Hutchison J. A.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"1579","article-title":"Change of RBC indices with serum iron, TIBC level in iron deficiency anemia patients who treated oriental medicine","volume":"22","author":"Kim D. W.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of essential oil supplementation to diet on meat quality, fatty acid composition, performance parameters and intestinal microbiota of Japanese quails","volume":"105","author":"K\u00fcrekci C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Intestinal oxidative damage in inflammatory bowel disease: Semi\u2010quantification, localization, and association with mucosal antioxidants","volume":"201","author":"Kruidenier L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13021747"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-012-9719-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Acute toxicity of 4\u2010nonylphenol on haemotological profile of fresh water fish Channa punctatus","volume":"4","author":"Madhu S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Research Journal of Recent Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Haematological studies of fresh water fish, Clarias batrachus (L.) exposed to mercuric chloride","volume":"2","author":"Maheswaran R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Integrative Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2017.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.136.3.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(97)80030-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.62.329"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0735-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600030487"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13329"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2009.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.02.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-48.3.548"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.5.1312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15666\/aeer\/1706_1337113382"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2005-0325OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.8261713x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140320"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9633-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200409000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13244"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2009.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2020-0045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","first-page":"501","article-title":"Effects of dietary Astragalus polysaccharide on growth performance and immune function in weaned pigs","volume":"82","author":"Yuan S. L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Animalence"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"The effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on the function of endothelial cells of in rabbits with atherosclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Zeng G.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2008.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3109(90)90038-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","first-page":"1295","article-title":"Effects of different dietary Astragalus polysaccharide supplemental levels on performance, serum biochemical and immune parameters and intestinal morphology of silver foxes during winter fur\u2010growing period","volume":"31","author":"Zhong W.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.1054","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.1054","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.1054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T03:15:35Z","timestamp":1728616535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.1054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.1054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.1054","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1054\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1054\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1054\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1054\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1054\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1054\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}