{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:16:24Z","timestamp":1772118984028,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Determination of sex in fish without external sexual dimorphism is important. Sex determination of the flathead grey mullet (\n                      <jats:italic>Mugil cephalus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) in the culture system and spawn\u2010producing and fish reproduction system is very important. Currently, there are several methods to determine the sex of fish; however, they are time\u2010consuming, expensive and sometimes dangerous for the fish.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was the sex determination of flathead grey mullet by ultrasonography as a safe and accurate method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this regard, 30 flathead grey mullets (early in their maturation) from a farm in Gomishan\u2010Golestan province, Iran were examined using a portable ultrasound machine with a 6\u201312\u00a0MHz waterproof linear transducer. Scanning was performed on the ventral body surface in the sagittal and transverse planes, between ventral and anal fins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differences in shape, qualitative size, echogenicity and the wall layers of the ovary and testis were evaluated for sex determination. Results of ultrasonography were confirmed immediately at necropsy. Ultrasonographic accuracy for sex determination was 100%. The speed of the procedure was around 30\u00a0s per fish.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, the sex determination of flathead grey mullet by ultrasonography was high in accuracy and speed, non\u2010invasive and safe for fish and consumers, and may be considered a priority. Place of the organs in the\n                      <jats:italic>M. cephalus<\/jats:italic>\n                      coelomic cavity and the obtained experience showed that for rapid and easy sex identification, the best place to put the transducer is on the ventral surface of the fish in the caudal part of the coelomic cavity for taking transverse and sagittal ultrasonograms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T15:15:36Z","timestamp":1673968536000},"page":"802-809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ultrasonographic sex determination of the flathead grey mullet (\n                    <i>Mugil cephalus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9087-6919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Masoudifard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Radiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Vajhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Radiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahrzad","family":"Mohammadshahali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduated DVM Student Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Tehran University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4343-4453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Zehtabvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy Sector Department of Basic Science Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Moghim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Amin","family":"Mirhashemi Rostami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inland Waters Aquatic Stocks Research Center \u2013 Gorgan Iranian Fisheries Sciences Institute Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization  Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2011.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044\u20108486(99)00067\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/M03\u2010016"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"156","article-title":"Steroid hormone in serum of male Mugil cephalus from lake quaron in relation to ultrastructure of steroidogenic secreting tissue","volume":"33","author":"EL\u2010Gharabawy M. M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100426.2008.01098.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Veterinary ultrasonography","author":"Goddard P. J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095\u20108649.1994.tb01268.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044\u20108486(75)90014\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548\u20108659(1983)3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102109.2001.00538.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100426.2011.01726.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095\u20108649.1991.tb04397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439\u20100426.2002.00423.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095\u20108649.1993.tb01156.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Determination of salmonids\u2019 sex, maturation and size: An ultrasound and photocell approach","volume":"13","author":"Reimers E.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"497","volume-title":"The Kuroshio: A symposium on the Japan Current","author":"Tung I.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Ultrasonography of the sturgeons for sex and maturity determination","author":"Vajhi A. R.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Vajhi A. R. Moghim M. Veshkini A. &Masoudifard M.(1999).Sex and determination in theAcipenser persicusby using ultrasonography.26thWorld Veterinary Congress Lyon France."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Vajhi A. R. Moghim M. Veshkini A. &Masoudifard M.(2003).Determination of sex and maturity in sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris) by ultrasonography.13th International Veterinary radiology AssociationCongress Midrand South Africa 67."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22059\/JVR.2018.104369.2148"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1565","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000}}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.1066","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.1066","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.1066","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T16:49:42Z","timestamp":1692636582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.1066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.1066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.1066","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1066\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1066\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1066\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1066\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1066\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1066\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1066\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1066\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1066\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1066\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1066\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}