{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T08:05:08Z","timestamp":1772784308378,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternally derived antibodies (MDA) have protection against canine distemper virus (CDV) in the first weeks of puppies\u2019 life. However, MDA decreases with age. The most important and effective factor on immunization is timely vaccination. But in recent years, there were some outbreaks of CDV among puppies in Iran and this problem could be related to vaccine failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible effect of MDA titre on vaccines against CDV and the efficacy of two commercial vaccines by using the enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this regard, 24 healthy 8\u2010week old terrier puppies were selected and divided into three identical groups based on a randomized, double\u2010blind comparative trial. The control group was injected normal saline, and group A was vaccinated by the vaccine namely Biocan L (Bioveta, Czech Republic), and the group B was vaccinated by the other vaccine called Duramune Max 5 + LCI\/GP (Fort Dodge Animal Health, USA). The vaccines were used for the puppies between 8 and 16 weeks of age and in every 4 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed that the response of both vaccines was satisfactory, and no significant difference was observed between them. Moreover, the MDA in the control group reached an unprotective level in all puppies prior to their 14 weeks of age. In the vaccinated groups, after the second vaccine, all puppies in both groups reached protective levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study on evaluation of two commercial vaccines in changes of serum antibody titres against distemper in puppies in Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is recommended that veterinarians during consulting use the ELISA to measure antibody titres to optimize the vaccination schedule and reduce the cost of vaccination failure. This is of paramount importance for puppies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T11:47:24Z","timestamp":1673264844000},"page":"698-703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of maternally derived antibodies on two commercial vaccines in changes of serum antibody titres against distemper in puppies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Farzane","family":"Shams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Karaj Branch Islamic Azad University  Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7370-2909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadi","family":"Pourtaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch Islamic Azad University  Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2019\u20100052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.01.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2017\u20100159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.159.22.733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050945"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.274"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/inp.j615"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"118","article-title":"Effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus murinus LbP2 on clinical parameters of dogs with distemper\u2010associated diarrhea","volume":"81","author":"Delucchi L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2019.109933"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678\u20105150\u2010pvb\u20105787"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2020.105504"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"459","article-title":"Impact of heat stress on immune responses of livestock: A review","volume":"39","author":"Inbaraj S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8040061"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Canine nomograph evaluation improves puppy immunization","volume":"12","author":"Larson L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Theriogenology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.250.12.1413"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917\u2010018\u20101673\u2010z"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"190","article-title":"Evaluation of antibody titre of dogs vaccinated against canine distemper in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"Ogbu K. 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