{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T11:36:19Z","timestamp":1791718579041,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine & Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Animal husbandry practices in different livestock production systems and increased livestock\u2013wildlife interactions are thought to be primary drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Arid and Semi\u2010Arid Lands (ASALs). Despite a tenfold increase in the camel population within the last decade, paired with widespread use of camel products, there is a lack of comprehensive information concerning beta\u2010lactamase\u2010producing\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n (\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n ) within these production systems.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n Our study sought to establish an AMR profile and to identify and characterise emerging beta\u2010lactamase\u2010producing\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolated from faecal samples obtained from camel herds in Northern Kenya.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates were established using the disk diffusion method, with beta\u2010lactamase (\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n ) gene PCR product sequencing performed for phylogenetic grouping and genetic diversity assessments.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Here we show, among the recovered\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 123), the highest level of resistance was observed for cefaclor at 28.5% of isolates, followed by cefotaxime at 16.3% and ampicillin at 9.7%. Moreover, extended\u2010spectrum beta\u2010lactamase (ESBL)\u2010producing\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n harbouring the\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX\u2010M\u201015<\/jats:sub>\n or\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX\u2010M\u201027<\/jats:sub>\n genes were detected in 3.3% of total samples, and are associated with phylogenetic groups B1, B2 and D. Multiple variants of non\u2010ESBL\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n genes were detected, the majority of which were the\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM\u2010116<\/jats:sub>\n genes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Findings from this study shed light on the increased occurrence of ESBL\u2010 and non\u2010ESBL\u2010encoding gene variants in\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates with demonstrated multidrug resistant phenotypes. This study highlights the need for an expanded One Health approach to understanding AMR transmission dynamics, drivers of AMR development, and appropriate practices for antimicrobial stewardship in camel production systems within ASALs.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T09:49:44Z","timestamp":1676540984000},"page":"1407-1416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance patterns and characterisation of emerging beta\u2010lactamase\u2010producing\n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n in camels sampled from Northern Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Irene Karegi","family":"Akunda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya"},{"name":"One Health Center Institute of Primate 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Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halima","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Biosciences and Genomics Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayieko","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Veterinary Investigation Laboratory Nakuru Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank G.","family":"Onyambu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Biosciences and Genomics Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences Meru University of Science and Technology Meru Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"ole Kwallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dino 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