{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T08:35:14Z","timestamp":1782462914610,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002332","name":"Semmelweis Egyetem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addition to standard highly active antiretroviral therapy protocols, complementary therapies using natural compounds are widely used by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010infected human patients. One such compound is the fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE), named Avemar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we investigate the effects of Avemar in a feline\u2010acquired immunodeficiency syndrome model. MBM lymphoid cells were acutely infected by the American feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)\u2010Petaluma (FIV\u2010Pet) and the European FIV Pisa\u2010M2 strains. FL\u20104 lymphoid cells, continuously producing FIV\u2010Pet, served as a model for chronic infection. Crandell Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells were infected by either FIV\u2010Pet or feline adenovirus (FeAdV) as a model for transactivation and opportunistic viral infection. Cell cultures were treated pre\u2010 and post\u2010infection with serial dilutions of spray\u2010dried FWGE (Avemar pulvis, AP), a standardized active ingredient in commercial Avemar products. Residual FIV and FeAdV infectivity was quantified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a concentration\u2010dependent manner, AP inhibited replication of FIV strains in MBM and CRFK cells by 3\u20135\u00a0log. Low AP concentration prevented FIV\u2010Pet release from FL\u20104 cells. Higher concentrations destroyed virus\u2010producing cells with cytopathic effects resembling apoptosis. AP strongly inhibited FeAdV production inside CRFK cells but not in HeLa cells. Adenovirus particles are then released via the disintegration of CRFK cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This report is the first to describe the antiviral effects of Avemar. Further studies are required to confirm its in vitro and in vivo effects and to investigate the potential for its use as a nutraceutical in FIV\u2010infected felines or HIV\u2010infected humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Avemar, as a single nutraceutical, inhibits FIV replication and destroys retrovirus carrier cells. An important conclusion is that prolonged Avemar treatment might reduce the number of retrovirus\u2010producing cells in the host.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T15:53:28Z","timestamp":1682006008000},"page":"1446-1455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effects of Avemar treatment on feline immunodeficiency virus infected cell cultures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Katalin R\u00e9ka","family":"Tarcsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1616-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1t\u00e9","family":"Hidv\u00e9gi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jewish Theological Seminary \u2013 University of Jewish Studies (OR\u2010ZSE)  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliga","family":"Corolciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8651-1095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00e1roly","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory E\u00f6tv\u00f6s L\u00f3r\u00e1nd University (ELTE)  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Anoir","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3946-5839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dharam V.","family":"Ablashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HHV\u20106 Foundation  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9ria","family":"K\u00f6vesdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-2878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f3zsef","family":"Ongr\u00e1di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190860"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201071118\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102249.1993.tb06498.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1361.097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206150200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8041616eCollection2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.20.3.563"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810701369709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Phytic acid content of cereals and legumes and interaction with proteins","volume":"46","author":"Hidv\u00e9gi M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Periodica Polytechnica: Chemical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0162\u20103109(99)00002\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cbr.1999.14.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00116\u201013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Conclusion of the expert panel: generally recognized as safe (GRAS) determination for the use of fermented wheat germ powder (FWGP) as a dietary supplement ingredient","author":"Hoffman F.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022\u20101317\u201077\u20101\u201093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of transformation by the human papillomaviruses","volume":"20","author":"Howley P. 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