{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:06:39Z","timestamp":1788998799739,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small ruminants are the most numerous of man's domestic livestock. Although sheep represent a great resource for Ethiopia, the net rate of productivity per animal is very low due to many factors including respiratory disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objectives of this work were to isolate and identify <jats:italic>M. haemolytica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> as well as to assess the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of these isolates. Nasal swab samples were collected aseptically by using 70% alcohol as a disinfectant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in three selected districts of the north Gondar zone, Ethiopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 148 samples collected in 94 (63.5%) asymptomatic and 54 (35.5%) symptomatic sheep, a total of 23 were isolated successfully based on cultural, staining, and biochemical characteristics. Of these isolates, 18 (78.3%) and 5 (21.7%) were <jats:italic>M. haeimolytica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>, respectively. Compared with the total animals examined, the proportion of <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>haeimolytica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> were 12.16 % (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 18) and 3.38% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5), respectively. All of the isolates were subjected to a panel of 8 antibiotic discs for sensitivity testing. Of the tested antibiotics, chloramphenicol (100%), gentamicin, and tetracycline (82.6%) each and co\u2010trimoxazole (60.8%) were found to be the most effective drugs whereas, both species were completely resistant to vancomycin and showed a very low degree of susceptibility for the rest drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, <jats:italic>M. haemolytica<\/jats:italic> was found to be the predominant isolate in all host\u2010related factors and most of the antibiotics were not fully effective against the isolates. Hence, treatment and\/or vaccination of ovine pneumonic pasteurellosis should be emphasised to <jats:italic>M. haeimolytica<\/jats:italic> using the most effective drugs along with appropriate herd management practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T23:53:16Z","timestamp":1684367596000},"page":"1803-1811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Isolation and identification of <i>Mannheimia haemolytica<\/i> and <i>Pasteurella multocida<\/i> from symptomatic and asymptomatic sheep and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in three selected districts of north Gondar zone, Gondar Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1858-9488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fentahun Mitku","family":"Abate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of animal science College of Agriculture and Environmental Science Debark University  Debark Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsegaw","family":"Fentie Kassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of public health and Epidemiology College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences University of Gondar  Gondar Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"1053","volume-title":"The Merck veterinary manual","author":"Aiello S. E.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470753316.ch32"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Almeida P. F. J. Alves F. S. J. Santos L. F. Posa J. S. &De\u2010Almeida P F.(1986).Revista de micro biological Brazil 17 213\u2013215."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(98)00304-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of respiratory tract bacterial species from domestic animals with pneumonic lungs from Elphora Abattoir, Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Asaye M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Microbiological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Aschalew Z.(1998).A study on pneumonic Pasteurellosis in North Shewa. Debre\u2010Zeit: DVM thesis AAU FVM pp.1\u201359."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"274","article-title":"Epidemiologic and serologic investigation of multifactorial respiratory disease of sheep in the central highland of Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"Ayelet G.","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Diagnostic procedures in veterinary bacteriology and mycology","author":"Carter G. R.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Essentials of bacteriology and mycology","author":"Carter G. R.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"367","volume-title":"Diagnostic procedures in veterinary bacteriology and mycology","author":"Carter J. R.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259\u2010006\u20103347\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"CLSI. (2007).Performance standard for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Seventeenth informational supplement. M100\u2010S17 Clinical and laboratory Standard Institute January. 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"Dabat Wereda Communication Office. (2015).Agricultural sample survey anual report on livestock and livestock characterstics."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Investigation of Pasteurella multocida in sheep pneumonic lesions of Kashan abattoir","volume":"4","author":"Ebrahimi A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Health and Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"2355","article-title":"Bacterial examinations in the nasal cavity of apparently healthy and unhealthy Holstein cattle","volume":"8","author":"Esra S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Animal and Veterinary"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","article-title":"Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from rabbits in Brazil","volume":"2012","author":"Ferreira T. S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science World Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Pasteurella and Pasteurellosis","author":"Gilmour N. J. L.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"Gondar Zuria Woreda Agricultural and Rural Development Office (WARD). (2012). Gondar Zuria Agricultural Censes Report for 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","unstructured":"Hendriksen R. S.(2003).A global Salmonella surveillance and laboratory support project of the World Health Organization. Laboratory protocols (isolation ofSalmonella) Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.antimicrobialresistance.dk\/data\/images\/salmonella2\u2010pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"Hurisa B. &Eshetu J.(2003).Challenges and opportunities of livestock marketing in Ethiopia.InProceeding of the 10 annual conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP).Addis Ababa Ethiopia."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"299","volume-title":"Handbook of livestock statistical for developing countries socio\u2010economic and policy research working paper 26","author":"ILRI","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Frequency and antibiotic susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica isolates from nasal cavities of cattle","volume":"34","author":"Kaan O.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Occurrence of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella trehalosi among ruminants in Egypt","volume":"3","author":"Kaoud H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"New York Science Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","unstructured":"Kusiluka L. &Kambarage D.(1996).Diseases of small ruminants: A handbook common diseases of sheep and goats in sub\u2010Saharan Africa(pp.24\u201327). Scotland: Vet Aid."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-239"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"A review on pneumonic Pasteurellosis (Respiratory Mannheimiosis) with emphasis on pathogenesis, virulence mechanisms and predisposing factors","volume":"11","author":"Mohamed R. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","unstructured":"Mohammed R.(1999).Bacteriological and histological examination of pneumonic lungs of small ruminants slaughtered at Hashim Nure export abattoir. Debre\u2010Zeit: DVM thesis FVM AAU pp.1\u201321."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879100300203"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Sheep and goat medicine","author":"Pugh G. D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Clinical veterinary microbiology","author":"Quinn P. J.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","first-page":"20","volume-title":"Clinical veterinary microbiology","author":"Quinn P. J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","first-page":"327","volume-title":"Clinical veterinary microbiology","author":"Quinn P J.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","first-page":"1396","volume-title":"Veterinary medicine: A text book of the diseases of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses","author":"Radostits M. O.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","volume-title":"Text book of veterinary microbiology","author":"Sharma S. N.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","first-page":"3707","article-title":"Pheno\u2010 and genotyping of Pasteurella multocida isolated from goat in Iran","volume":"8","author":"Shayegh J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","unstructured":"Tesfaye S.(1997).Serological and bacteriological investigation ofM. haemolyticaserotypes in sheep in the high lands of wollo North Eastern Ethiopia. Debre\u2010Zeit: DVM thesis AAU FVM 65."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870401600510"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.1166","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T07:12:09Z","timestamp":1692256329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.1166"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.1166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.1166","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}