{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T08:45:52Z","timestamp":1775897152160,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fascioliasis, caused by the liver flukes\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , is a global zoonotic helminthic disease. The livestock and human are the final hosts of the parasites. Northern Iran is an important endemic region for fascioliasis. Few studies have been conducted on the characterization of\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from eastern regions of the Caspian littoral of the country.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of the present study was to identify\n                      <jats:italic>F. hepatica, F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and intermediate\/hybrid forms of\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from livestock in Golestan province, northern Iran, using morphometric and molecular tools.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Livestock livers naturally infected with\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. were collected from Golestan slaughterhouse during 2019\u20132020. The worms were morphometrically studied using a calibrated stereomicroscope. Genomic DNA was extracted from all samples, and polymerase chain reaction\u2013restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR\u2013RFLP) was performed on internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region using Rsa1 restriction enzyme. All the isolates were then analysed by multiplex PCR on Pepck region.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 110\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were collected from the infected livers, including 94 sheep, 12 cattle and 4 goats. Morphometric analysis of 61 adult\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates indicated that, 44 and 17 isolates belonged to\n                      <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively. Eighty\u2010one and 29 isolates belonged to\n                      <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      using ITS1\u2010RFLP, respectively. However, Pepck Multiplex PCR indicated 72\n                      <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 26\n                      <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 12 intermediate\/hybrid forms. All 12 hybrid isolates were found in sheep host. Two isolates were identified as\n                      <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      using morphometry and\n                      <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      using both molecular methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study confirmed the existence of both\n                      <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and reported the first molecular evidence of hybrid\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates in ruminants of Golestan province.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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