{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T01:32:31Z","timestamp":1786411951297,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a bacterial pathogen that causes query fever and coxiellosis in humans and animals, respectively. There is a scarcity of studies on the prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections in rats and chickens in South Africa.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      in rats and chickens sampled from poultry farms in the North West Province of South Africa.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DNA was extracted from rodent kidneys (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a068) and chicken faeces (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a052). Two rodent pest species, namely\n                      <jats:italic>Rattus rattus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Rattus tanezumi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , were identified by analysis of\n                      <jats:italic>CO1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene sequences. Detection of\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      was carried out using polymerase chain reaction assays targeting\n                      <jats:italic>23S rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>16S rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>IS111<\/jats:italic>\n                      markers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      was detected in 16.2%, 8.8% and 25% of\n                      <jats:italic>R. rattus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>R. tanezumi<\/jats:italic>\n                      and chickens, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings in this study demonstrate that rodents and chickens are harbouring\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      at sampled poultry farms. There should be frequent screening for\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      in poultry operations. The likelihood of future transmission between rodents and chickens, including humans, also needs to be investigated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T14:19:29Z","timestamp":1692627569000},"page":"2185-2191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Molecular detection of\n                    <i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Coxiella<\/i>\n                    species in rats and chickens from poultry farms in North West Province, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0473-8075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsepo","family":"Ramatla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North\u2010West University Potchefstroom South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zamantungwa T. H.","family":"Khumalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vectors and Vector\u2010borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa"},{"name":"Study Operations Clinvet International Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0510-2762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asiashu","family":"Matshotshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Consumer Sciences University of South Africa Florida South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8895-3620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kgaugelo E.","family":"Lekota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North\u2010West University Potchefstroom South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moeti O.","family":"Taioe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North\u2010West University Potchefstroom South Africa"},{"name":"Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Onderstepoort South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0700-4787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriel","family":"Thekisoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North\u2010West University Potchefstroom South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/169195a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234360"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7020028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.05097-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2020-0154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004892"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11030298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00045-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1064229307050122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12484"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Q fever\u2014An underappreciated occupational disease in South Africa","volume":"28","author":"Frean J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Occupational Health Southern Africa"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"409","article-title":"Q fever: Serological evidence of the occurrence of a case in South Africa","volume":"24","author":"Gear J. 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