{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:30:18Z","timestamp":1787243418201,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pigs (\n                      <jats:italic>Sus scrofa domesticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), an important domestic livestock, are generally affected by helminth and protozoan parasites. Rearing pigs in rural regions in Nepal is a common practice for subsistence farming. A cross\u2010sectional survey was conducted to determine the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) in pigs raised in Western Nepal.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 200 faecal samples from commercial and smallholder farms were examined by wet mounts, flotation, sedimentation and staining techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results revealed that overall 86.5% of samples were found shedding oocysts or eggs of one or more GIPs. Three species of protozoa [\n                      <jats:italic>Eimeria<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (26%),\n                      <jats:italic>Entamoeba coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (25.5%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Coccidia<\/jats:italic>\n                      (29%)] and nine species of helminths parasites (\n                      <jats:italic>Ascaris suum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (32.5%),\n                      <jats:italic>Trichuris suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (30%), strongyle\u2010type nematode (27.5%), hookworm (26%),\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (17.5%),\n                      <jats:italic>Physaloptera<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (17.5%),\n                      <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (17.5%),\n                      <jats:italic>Metastrongylus<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (8%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Oesophagostomum<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (5.5%)] were identified. Female pigs were found to have higher protozoan infection than males, but such a difference was not noticed with regard to helminth parasites. Strongyles and\n                      <jats:italic>Oesophagostomum<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection were higher in commercial farms compared to smallholder farms, whereas the prevalences of\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and other protozoans were higher in smallholder farms. Among the contextual factors evaluated for association, weight and gender of pigs, and annual income and gender of managers\/caretakers were significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) associated with the prevalence of GIPs in pigs. The overall prevalence of certain helminths such as strongyle\u2010type nematode and\n                      <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic>\n                      was significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) associated with the weight of pigs after adjusting other contextual factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study detected relatively high prevalence of intestinal parasites in domestic pig facilities. Molecular epidemiological studies are essential to verify the exact zoonotic potential of parasites carried by pigs in the region. An effective periodic monitoring of GIPs of pigs needs to be carried out to minimize their further dissemination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T18:53:33Z","timestamp":1689706413000},"page":"2107-2117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Survey of intestinal parasites in swine farms raised in Western Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Barshat","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4899-7212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajendra Prasad","family":"Parajuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3977-9085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pitambar","family":"Dhakal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-019-01158-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2020.100397"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"3013","article-title":"Preliminary study on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of pigs managed and slaughtered in Umuahia North Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria","volume":"15","author":"Amadi A. 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