{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T06:35:09Z","timestamp":1773470109555,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cohort study for 2 years period analysed the prevalence, incidence and clinical\u2013immunological features of canine\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania (L.) chagasi<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010infection in 316 mongrel dogs in a visceral leishmaniasis\u2010endemic area in Par\u00e1 State, Brazil.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnosis of infection was performed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT\u2010IgG), the leishmanin skin test (LST) and a parasite search (from the popliteal lymph node aspiration) at the beginning of the study and at 6, 12 and 24 months intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IFAT\/LST revealed three immune profiles of infection: (I) IFAT\n                      <jats:sup>(+)<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/LST\n                      <jats:sup>(\u2212)<\/jats:sup>\n                      (81), (II) IFAT\n                      <jats:sup>(\u2212)<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/LST\n                      <jats:sup>(+)<\/jats:sup>\n                      (17) and (III) IFAT\n                      <jats:sup>(+)<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/LST\n                      <jats:sup>(+)<\/jats:sup>\n                      (13). Prevalence of profiles I, II and III were 25.6, 5.4 and 4.1%, and an overall prevalence 35.1%. Incidence of profiles I, II and III were 5.4, 0.3 and 0.0%, and an overall incidence 5.7% dogs per month. Incidence at the age ranges &lt;1 year, \u22651 year, &lt;7 years and \u22657 years evidenced a highest rate in the age range &lt;1 year (6.6% dogs per month). Parasitological diagnosis was positive in 19% dogs at the prevalence (85.7% profile I), and in 11% at the incidence (100% profile I). The clinical picture of 179 infected dogs showed 145 (81%) of profile I (82% subclinical); 21 (11.7%) of profile II (100% subclinical); and 13 (7.3%) of profile III (84.6% subclinical). Conversion from subclinical to sick dogs was higher (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) in profile I (40.2%) than in profiles II (5.8%) and III (9%). Immunological conversion showed that only 3.2% of profile I dogs (prevalence) converted to LST\n                      <jats:sup>(+)<\/jats:sup>\n                      (two at the end of the first 6 months and 1 after 24 months), while 82.3% of profile II dogs converted to IFAT\n                      <jats:sup>(+)<\/jats:sup>\n                      (11 in the first 6 months, whereas three after 12 months). A 100% death rate was observed in dogs from profile I alone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results reinforce the need of adopting preventive strategies against CVL as early as in the first semester of the dog's life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T02:08:45Z","timestamp":1693534125000},"page":"2463-2474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence and incidence of canine visceral leishmaniasis and its clinical\u2013immunological features in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9097-2385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliane A.","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Primates Manegement Section National Center of Primates (Secretary of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health), Par\u00e1 State Ananindeua Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3240-2835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana V.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Secretary of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health) Ananindeua Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3802-8765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marliane B.","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Secretary of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health) Ananindeua Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0229-4861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago","family":"Vasconcelos dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Secretary of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health) Ananindeua Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0275-0994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia K.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Secretary of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health) Ananindeua Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1080-2440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcia D.","family":"Laurenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Medical School of S\u00e3o Paulo University, S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0412-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando T.","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Secretary of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health) Ananindeua Par\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Tropical Medicine Nucleus Federal University of Par\u00e1 Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Bioestat: aplica\u00e7\u00f5es estat\u00edsticas nas \u00e1reas das Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas\u2010Vers\u00e3o 5.0. Sociedade Civil Mamirau\u00e1\u2010Bras\u00edlia","author":"Ayres M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Barata I. R. Lima J. A. N. Soares M. G. Brand\u00e3o J. A. Pires R. N. Corr\u00eaa Z. C. De Jesus R. Le\u00e3o E. Everdosa D. R. Machado R. S. Negr\u00e3o R. Monteiro A. J. Pereira E. A. De Souza A. A. Ishikawa E. A. Jennings Y. L. Carneiro L. A. Lainson R. &Silveira F. T.(2005).The infectivity of dogs infected withLeishmania (L.) infantum chagasiforLutzomyia longipalpisis not related to the clinical status or the humoral response of the animals.Third World Congress in Leishmaniasis.Sicily Italy. Epidemiology\u2010Poster Section 278."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00840.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica. Manual de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral","author":"Brasil","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00208-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00169-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2007.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071833"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/344312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dantas\u2010Torres F. &Brand\u00e3o\u2010Filho S. B.(2006).Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: revisiting paradigms of epidemiology and control.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo 48 151\u2013156.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652006000300007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Canine Leishmanisis Forum, Hoeschst Roussel Veterinary","author":"Ferrer L.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Naturally occurring visceral leishmaniasis in dogs: Clinical aspects","volume":"83","author":"Genaro O.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mem\u00f3rias Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.5123\/S2176-62232010000200002","article-title":"The Neotropical Leishmania species: A brief historical review of their discovery, ecology and taxonomy","volume":"1","author":"Lainson R.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revista Pan\u2010Amaz\u00f4nica de Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762005000800001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470688618.taw0182"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652010000500007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2017039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Revista Educa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dico Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia","author":"Lisboa J. C. L.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702004000600008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90510-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02347-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.4.1318-1322.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(97)00116-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.1.229-235.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.10.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02296-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822010000100010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1230-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Leishmania chagasi Cunha & Chagas, 1937: Indigenous or introduced? A brief review","volume":"1","author":"Silveira F. T.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revista Pan\u2010Amazonica de Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-2989-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","first-page":"1245","volume-title":"Medicina tropical e infectologia na Amaz\u00f4nia","author":"Silveira F. T.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.00471-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00446-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","unstructured":"Souza A. A. A. Barata I. Lima J. A. N. Martins A. F. P. Barbosa R. N. P. Ishikawa E. A. Y. Chagas E. J. Pereira E. &Silveira F. T.(2005).Evaluation of the seasonality ofLutzomyia longipalpis(Diptera:psychodidae) in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Para State Brazil.Third World Congress in Leishmaniasis.Sicily Italy Epidemiol\u2010Poster Section 134."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.52.287"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3279862"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","unstructured":"W.H.O. (2020).Leishmaniasis: World Health Organization; 02\/03\/2020. Available from:http:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/factsheets\/detail\/leishmaniasis"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.1218","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T16:39:48Z","timestamp":1700066388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.1218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.1218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.1218","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1218\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1218\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1218\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1218\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1218\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1218\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1218\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1218\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1218\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1218\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1218\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}