{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T16:11:15Z","timestamp":1747152675131,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canine herpesvirus 1 (CHV\u20101) is an important cause of death in newborn puppies and of fertility problems in adult dogs. Identification of risk factors may help to reduce infection rates and alleviate concerns for dog owners and breeders. This study was designed to screen for CHV\u20101 infection in bitches of breeding kennels and farms in Iran and relate this to possible risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 63 vaginal samples were collected from dogs in 5 breeding kennels (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a047) and from 7 farms (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a016). Real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the CHV\u20101 specific glycoprotein B (<jats:italic>gB<\/jats:italic>) gene. Prevalence rates were evaluated in relation to various risk factors, including region, housing, vaccination, deworming, pregnancy, reproductive problems, number of dogs living together and hygiene conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 21 (33.3%) of 63 vaginal samples were positive for CHV\u20101 DNA. The prevalence rate in farms (7\/16; 43.7%) was higher than in kennels (14\/47; 29.7%). No association was found between CHV\u20101 prevalence and potential risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CHV\u20101 is highly prevalent in dogs in Iranian farms and kennels. Since the CHV1 vaccine is unlicensed in Iran, effective management strategies are essential to reduce the consequences of this pathogen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T00:33:26Z","timestamp":1694997206000},"page":"2497-2503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of canine herpesvirus 1 and associated risk factors among bitches in Iranian breeding kennels and farms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0783-4123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdieh","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maziar","family":"Jajarmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Kamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduated student Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Homayoon","family":"Babaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"48","volume-title":"Infectious diseases of the dog and cat","author":"Greene C. 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