{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:25:19Z","timestamp":1792027519356,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expectancy of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> transmitted from livestock and raw meat to humans is a public health problem and is an example of the One Health theory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This survey aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors related to this common infection in individuals occupationally exposed (IOE) to livestock, raw meat and viscera in industrial slaughterhouses and livestock fields in Isfahan province, central Iran.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is a case\u2013control survey carried out on the 401 serum samples of IOE (including slaughterhouse workers, butchers, veterinarians, veterinary technicians, livestock farmers and farm workers) compared to 401 archived samples of the general population (that all matched with cases by region, age and gender). All 802 samples were investigated for anti\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> IgM and anti\u2010<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A statistically significant higher anti\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG occurrence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) was observed in IOE compared to the control group (46.1% vs. 31.4%). According to our knowledge, this is the first case\u2013control study on the seroprevalence of anti\u2010<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> in IOE to livestock in central Iran.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings show a potentially significant association between <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> seropositivity and occupational exposure to livestock. Therefore, it is essential to develop guidelines for preventing disease transmission among IOE to livestock, raw meat and viscera in industrial slaughterhouses and livestock fields.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T15:24:19Z","timestamp":1693581859000},"page":"2642-2647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Seroprevalence of <i>Toxoplasma<\/i> infection in individuals occupationally exposed to livestock and raw meat: A case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Seyed Hossein","family":"Hejazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan 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