{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:58:35Z","timestamp":1774313915500,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risks to human health have grown over the past 10 years due to the excessive use of mobile phones.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was designed to determine the harmful effects of 4G mobile phone radiation on the expression of immunogenic and vascular genes and gross, microscopic and biochemical alterations in the development of chicken embryos.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty individuals in the exposure group were subjected to mobile phones with a specific absorption rate of 1.4\u00a0W\/kg and a frequency of 2100\u00a0MHz positioned at a distance of 12\u00a0cm in the incubator for 60\u00a0min\/night for 14 days. The histopathological examination involved hematoxylin and eosin staining, whereas cresyl violet staining was used to evaluate the condition and number of neurons in the brain. The biochemical parameters of amniotic fluid were analysed using the photometry method, and the expression of\n                      <jats:italic>VEGF\u2010A<\/jats:italic>\n                      and immunity genes (\n                      <jats:italic>AvBD9, IL6<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was measured using the real\u2010time PCR (qPCR) technique.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to the control, the exposure group's body weight and length significantly decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Subcutaneous bleeding was seen in the exposure group. Urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were all significantly higher than in the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The exposed group showed pathological lesions in the liver and degenerated neurons with lightly stained nuclei in the cerebral cortex. Hyperchromatic neurons were significantly higher in the exposure group (58.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.28) compared to the control (6.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.44) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). 4G exposure reduced lymphocyte count in the caecal tonsil (86.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.38) compared to the control (147.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.06) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Vascular gene\n                      <jats:italic>mRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression was higher, but immune gene expression was lower in the exposed group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to mobile phone radiation may result in gross, microscopic and biochemical changes, as well as alterations in gene expression that could hinder embryonic development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T15:01:07Z","timestamp":1695135667000},"page":"2648-2659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["4G mobile phone radiation alters some immunogenic and vascular gene expressions, and gross and microscopic and biochemical parameters in the chick embryo model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4198-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Sadequl","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University  Dinajpur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. Mominul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University  Dinajpur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. Moshiur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaleda","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Science University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20534"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677\u201055382011000400002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"983","article-title":"Effect of electromagnetic mobile radiation on chick embryo development","volume":"9","author":"Al\u2010Qudsi F.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Life Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5296\/jbls.v4i2.2895"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asgari M. 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