{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:54:21Z","timestamp":1791996861171,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tropical theileriosis, <jats:italic>Theileria annulata<\/jats:italic> infection, is the most prevalent summer disease in Tunisia. It is transmitted by <jats:italic>Hyalomma scupense<\/jats:italic>, a two\u2010host tick known to be endophilic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aimed to estimate the infection prevalence of cattle by <jats:italic>T. annulata<\/jats:italic> in two districts from central Tunisia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood samples collected from 270 Holstein cattle from the Sidi Bouzid (140 samples) and Kasserine districts (130 samples) were analysed by Giemsa staining and <jats:italic>T. annulata<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific PCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In both regions, PCR revealed a prevalence of 32.6%. This was significantly higher than the 6.3% prevalence obtained by Giemsa staining blood smears (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Giemsa staining also revealed a low parasitaemia of 0.05%. The PCR\u2010based prevalence was not statistically different between the two districts (31.4 \u00b1 0.04 and 33.8 \u00b1 0.04% in Sidi Bouzid and Kasserine districts, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.6). On the contrary, the results of blood smear examination (2.85 and 10% in Sidi Bouzid and Kasserine, respectively) differed significantly between the two sampling sites (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01). There was no evidence of a statistically significant difference between the overall molecular infection prevalence when the samples were segregated based on animals\u2019 age or gender (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.1 and 0.2, respectively) and a similar trend was observed for Giemsa staining. Ten PCR amplicons of the Tams1 gene (721\u00a0bp) were subsequently sequenced from the two regions. The phylogenetic analyses showed 100% similarity between all sequences. The unique conserved Tams1 sequence was deposited in GenBank under the accession number OP428816 and used to infer its phylogenetic relationships with those available in the GenBank repository.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first report of the presence of <jats:italic>T. annulata<\/jats:italic> in this region of central Tunisia which has no history of tropical theileriosis. Priority areas for future studies include understanding the origin of these <jats:italic>T. annulata<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive animals in a region where the presence of a known natural vector tick, <jats:italic>H. scupense<\/jats:italic>, has not been reported. Given that the disease severely constrains cattle productivity, it would also be worthwhile to investigate if other potential vectors for <jats:italic>T. annulata<\/jats:italic>, such as <jats:italic>Hyalomma dromedarii<\/jats:italic>, are present in the arid regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T19:20:22Z","timestamp":1695151222000},"page":"2862-2870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Epidemiological situation of bovine tropical theileriosis in an arid region in central Tunisia with a phylogenetic analysis of <i>Theileria annulata<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7906-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khawla","family":"Elati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie \u00c9cole Nationale de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Sidi Thabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur Agricoles. Univ. Manouba  Sidi Thabet Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Salhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie \u00c9cole Nationale de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Sidi Thabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur Agricoles. Univ. Manouba  Sidi Thabet Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ridha","family":"Kodia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie \u00c9cole Nationale de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Sidi Thabet, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur Agricoles. Univ. 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