{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T13:07:18Z","timestamp":1748956038154,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012807","name":"Midwestern University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding the homologies between male and female perineal structure helps both evolutionary biologists and clinicians better understand the evolution and anatomy of canines. Domestic dogs (<jats:italic>Canis familiaris<\/jats:italic>) play an important role in human society, and canine perineal anatomy is important for maintaining dogs\u2019 reproductive health for successful breeding and a wide variety of pathologies. Here, we investigate homologies between male and female perineal structure, identifying structures based on common function, anatomical relationships and attachments. In this investigation we dissected 21 male and female large\u2010breed dogs. We find broad structural homologies between male and female dogs related to erection, micturition and defecation, including muscles, fasciae and erectile tissue. Using these homologies will help anatomists and clinicians interpret the anatomical organization of the perineum, a notoriously difficult area of anatomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T10:17:16Z","timestamp":1548065836000},"page":"39-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Male and female anatomical homologies in the perineum of the dog (<i>Canis familiaris<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Margaret I.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University Glendale Arizona USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine Midwestern University Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Plochocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education University of Central Florida, College of Medicine Orlando Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4364-4258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 R.","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University Glendale Arizona USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine Midwestern University Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1968.tb04649.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1990.tb01124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1996.tb00834.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12390"},{"volume-title":"Color Atlas of Veterinary Anatomy, Volume 3, The Dog and Cat","year":"2009","author":"Done S.H.","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1"},{"volume-title":"Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy","year":"2009","author":"Dyce K.M.","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1"},{"volume-title":"Miller's Anatomy of the Dog","year":"2013","author":"Evans H.E.","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1"},{"volume-title":"A Guide to the Dissection of the Dog","year":"2017","author":"Evans H.E.","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1"},{"volume-title":"Small Animal Surgery","year":"2013","author":"Fossum T.W.","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.10.015"},{"volume-title":"Companion Animal Economics: The Economic Impact of Companion Animals in the UK","year":"2016","author":"Hall S.","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09359-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v71i4.728"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Development of the terminal urethra and prepuce in the dog","volume":"94","author":"Kanagasuntheram R.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"volume-title":"Applied Veterinary Anatomy","year":"1986","author":"de Lahunta A.","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1"},{"volume-title":"The Developing Human E\u2010Book","year":"2011","author":"Moore K.L.","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1"},{"volume-title":"Cancer in Dogs and Cats: Medical and Surgical Management","year":"2002","author":"Morrison W.B.","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1"},{"volume-title":"Atlas of Human Anatomy E\u2010Book","year":"2017","author":"Netter F.H.","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Diaphragma pelvis, clitoris und vestibulum vaginae der H\u00fcndin","volume":"127","author":"Nitschke T.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Anatomischer Anzeiger"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800590909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22774"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"822","article-title":"Novel perineal approach for repair of a urethrorectal fistula in a bulldog","volume":"44","author":"Ralphs S.C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-004-1258-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"New concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. 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Anatomy of the levator ani muscle with special reference to puborectalis","volume":"13","author":"Shafik A.H.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Investigative Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-007-9064-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/svms.2000.7301"},{"volume-title":"Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice","year":"2015","author":"Standring S.","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118487181.ch13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Results of surgical excision of perianal fistulas in dogs","volume":"185","author":"Vasseur P.B.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Canine perianal fistula","volume":"40","author":"Vnuk D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Veterinarska Stanica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/135910706X103284"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fvms3.128","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.128","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T10:21:04Z","timestamp":1694686864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.128","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2053-1095"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2053-1095"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}