{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:57:06Z","timestamp":1786978626892,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004972","name":"Arak University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1401\u2010D\u20109047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1401\u2010D\u20109047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enzyme combinations, particularly phytase (PHY) with various carbohydrases and proteases, are utilized in commercial broiler production to enhance nutrient and energy bioavailability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A feeding study was undertaken to determine whether the efficiency of an\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013derived PHY and a feed enzyme complex (FEC) derived from\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. containing carbohydrase and protease as main activities in broiler chickens is dependent on diet quality. A total of 900 male one\u2010day\u2010old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were assigned to a 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a03 factorial arrangement of the treatments with 2 different nutrient density diets, standard nutrient diet (SN diet) and a low\u2010nutrient diet (LN diet; \u2212100\u00a0kcal\/kg for AMEn and \u22125% for crude protein [CP] and limiting amino acids), and 3 enzyme treatments (control [no enzymes], PHY and PHY\u00a0+\u00a0FEC). Each treatment group was composed of 6 replicates of 25 birds each.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The LN diet caused a decrease in performance index, tibia length and diameter, tibia calcium content and jejunal villus surface area (VSA). The interaction effects between diet and enzyme supplementation were observed (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) on overall average daily gain (ADG), performance index, tibia ash content and jejunal villus height (VH) and VSA, with the favourable benefits of PHY\u00a0+\u00a0FEC treatment being more pronounced in the LN diets. Regardless of dietary nutrient density, supplementation with PHY alone or combined with FEC enhanced (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) final body weight, overall ADG and jejunal villus height (VH)\/crypt depth, with the highest values observed in the PHY\u00a0+\u00a0FEC group. The PHY\u00a0+\u00a0FEC treatment also improved (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) overall feed conversion ratio, apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, CP, and energy, and tibia phosphorus content compared to the control treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate that the simultaneous addition of PHY and FEC to the LN diets improved the growth rate, bone mineralization and gut morphology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T07:21:25Z","timestamp":1705389685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of an\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    \u2013derived phytase and a carbohydrase\u2013protease cocktail derived from\n                    <i>Bacillus<\/i>\n                    spp. on performance, digestibility, bone mineralization and gut morphology in broilers fed different nutrient density diets"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture and Environment Arak University  Arak Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4616-7597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein Ali","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture and Environment Arak University  Arak Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6061-7868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Hajkhodadadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture and Environment Arak University  Arak Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8978-1912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhad","family":"Khaligh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad  Mashhad 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