{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:00:57Z","timestamp":1787731257021,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The application of high throughput technologies has enabled unravelling of unique differences between healthy mares and mares with endometritis at transcriptomic and proteomic levels. However, differences in the uterine microbiome are yet to be investigated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n The present study was aimed at evaluating the differences in uterine microbiome between healthy mares and mares with endometritis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Low\u2010volume lavage (LVL) samples were collected from the uterus of 30 mares classified into healthy (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a015) and endometritis (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a015) based on their reproductive history, intrauterine fluid accumulation, gross appearance of LVL samples, endometrial cytology and bacterial culture. The samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Notable differences in the uterine microbiome were observed between healthy mares and mares with endometritis at various taxonomic levels. In healthy mares, the most abundant phylum, class, order and family were\n Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Bacilli<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Bacillales<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Paenibacillaceae<\/jats:italic>\n , respectively. In contrast, the most abundant corresponding taxonomic levels in mares with endometritis were\n Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Gammaproteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n , respectively. At the genus level,\n Brevibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n were more abundant in healthy mares, whereas\n Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n were more abundant in mares with endometritis. In healthy mares,\n Brevibacillus brevis<\/jats:italic>\n was the most abundant species, followed by\n Brevibacillus choshinensis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Paenibacillus sp JDR\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n . However, in mares with endometritis,\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n was the most abundant species, followed by\n Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n These results confirmed the previously reported presence of a uterine microbiome in healthy mares and helped unravel some alterations that occur in mares with endometritis. The findings can potentially help formulate new approaches to prevent or treat equine endometritis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T04:09:48Z","timestamp":1707970188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Metagenomic analysis unravels novel taxonomic differences in the uterine microbiome between healthy mares and mares with endometritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Aeknath","family":"Virendra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction Gynecology and Obstetrics Mumbai Veterinary College Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarita U.","family":"Gulavane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction Gynecology and Obstetrics Mumbai Veterinary College Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zulfikar A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equus Stud Farm Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoli Stud and Agricultural Farm Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra J.","family":"Chaudhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction Gynecology and Obstetrics Mumbai Veterinary College Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep M.","family":"Gaikwad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction Gynecology and Obstetrics Mumbai Veterinary College Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raju 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