{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:49:38Z","timestamp":1787165378505,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005412","name":"Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCU.VP1402.12470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCU.VP1402.12470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Probiotic strains have the potential to modulate immune responses, reduce intestinal inflammation, normalize intestinal mucosal function and decrease allergic reactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to investigate the effect of oral probiotic supplements containing\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus coagulans<\/jats:italic>\n                      spores on clinical symptoms, haematological factors and immune responses to allergic contact dermatitis in dogs induced by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DNCB was injected subcutaneously into the scapular region of 20 healthy adult dogs of both sexes, divided into four groups, to induce experimental allergic contact dermatitis. Dogs in Group 1 received food without probiotics or medication. Oral prednisolone was administered to Group 2 for 30 days at a dosage of 0.25\u00a0mg\/kg every other day. The dogs in Group 3 were treated with a combination of oral prednisolone and probiotics. The dogs in Group 4 were fed daily with a mixture of 10\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>B. coagulans<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteria for 30 days. The immune system responses and related gene expression were analysed in the treated animals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The administration of probiotics for 30 days resulted in a reduction in clinical symptoms and duration of wound repair. The probiotics treatment also significantly increased the serum bactericidal effects against\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      . It enhanced both the classic and alternative activity of the complement, as well as lysozyme activity. Additionally, the probiotics led to higher total immunoglobulin levels and significant reductions in anti\u2010trypsin and C\u2010reactive protein levels. Furthermore, the expression of IgE, induction of interferon\u2010gamma and IL\u20104 genes were also reduced.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      According to the results,\n                      <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>B. coagulans<\/jats:italic>\n                      can be further investigated as a viable alternative to corticosteroids in treating allergic contact dermatitis in dogs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T06:04:40Z","timestamp":1710828280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect\n                    <i>of Bacillus subtilis<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Bacillus coagulans<\/i>\n                    spores on induced allergic contact dermatitis in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9510-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz  Ahvaz Khuzestan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2782-8903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Avizeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz  Ahvaz Khuzestan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Zayerzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DVSc of Small Animal Internal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz  Ahvaz Khuzestan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3614-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darioush","family":"Gharibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz  Ahvaz Khuzestan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2092-5652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Razijalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz  Ahvaz Khuzestan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.20694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213841"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920009787048437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14306\/renhyd.21.3.361"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05344-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03344.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.08.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.10-0457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2009.30.3240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12229"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00061.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S141660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-023-00454-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2013.09.008"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Anti\u2010inflammatory effects of poly\u2010gamma glutamic acid on DNCB\u2010induced allergic contact dermatitis in dogs","volume":"29","author":"Kim H. G.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Clinics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12598271"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation5020041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0805-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","volume-title":"Clinical veterinary microbiology","author":"Markey B.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15007-016-1241-4"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Effect of probiotic formulation containing Bacillus spp. on diarrhoea in dogs","volume":"8","author":"Mounika B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(90)50154-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04109.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-012-9619-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00841.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2012.01113.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2020.0134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2006.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2754\/avb200574010051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5851\/kosfa.2011.31.3.420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.35.612"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2014.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app112311384"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","first-page":"436","article-title":"Experimental addition of Eleutherococcus senticosus and probiotic to the canine diet","volume":"7","author":"Strompfova V.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Central European Journal of Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2010.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00514.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00666"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10070432"},{"issue":"74","key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"An experimental model of canine DNCB\u2010induced allergic contact dermatitis: clinical and hematological features","volume":"18","author":"Zayerzadeh A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10030454"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.1410","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T03:39:15Z","timestamp":1717990755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.1410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.1410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.1410","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1410\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1410\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1410\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1410\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1410\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1410\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1410\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1410\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1410\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1410\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1410\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1410"}}