{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:28:29Z","timestamp":1790252909559,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. is a zoonotic protozoan parasite, and there is limited information about its molecular prevalence and subtypes (STs) distribution in camels globally, especially in Iran.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to examine the prevalence, STs distribution, and zoonotic potential of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. in one\u2010humped and two\u2010humped camels in Ardabil province, northwestern Iran.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A PCR\u2010sequencing tool using the SSU rRNA gene was employed to examine the occurrence and genetic variation of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. in 150 faecal samples from Bactrian (<jats:italic>Camelus bactrianus<\/jats:italic>, 50 samples) and Dromedary (<jats:italic>Camelus dromedarius<\/jats:italic>, 100 samples) camels in Ardabil province.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall prevalence of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp. in camels was determined to be 12% (18\/150) through microscopy and PCR analyses. Phylogenetically, this study identified three distinct zoonotic STs: ST7, ST10, and ST14. ST10 was the most prevalent, comprising 50% (9\/18) of the isolated STs from camels. ST14 closely followed with 38.9% (7\/18), while ST7 made up 11.1% (2\/18) of the total STs. In brief, ST10, ST14, and ST7 represented 50% (7\/14), 35.7% (5\/14), and 14.3% (2\/14) of the <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive cases in one\u2010humped camels, respectively. Further, each of the ST10 and ST14 accounted for 50% (2\/4) of the <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive samples in two\u2010humped camels. An analysis of the available data reveals that out of the 37\u201344 identified <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> STs, 15 (ST1\u2013ST7, ST10, ST14, ST15, ST21, ST24, ST25, ST26, and ST30) have been reported in camels. The predominant STs observed are ST10 and ST14. Furthermore, among the 15 zoonotic STs (ST1\u2013ST10, ST12\u2013ST14, ST16, and ST23) of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> reported thus far, nine zoonotic STs (ST1\u2013ST7, ST10, and ST14) have been found in camels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings indicate that camels serve as a proper reservoir for a diverse array of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> STs and thereby can play a significant role in the transmission of this protozoan infection to humans, animals, and water reservoirs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T14:48:56Z","timestamp":1712328536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["First molecular subtyping and zoonotic significance of <i>Blastocystis<\/i> sp. in Dromedary (<i>C. dromedarius<\/i>) and Bactrian (<i>C. bactrianus<\/i>) camels in Iran: A molecular epidemiology and review of available literature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4005-2687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Asghari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonoses Research Center Ardabil University of Medical Sciences  Ardabil Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirhosein","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roya","family":"Badali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laya","family":"Shamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathobiology, Urmia University  Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farajolah","family":"Maleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences  Ilam Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Mohammad","family":"Bahrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Para\u2010Veterinary Medicine Ilam University  Ilam Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19182\/remvt.9723"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-021-00508-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asghari A. 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Shamsi L. &Hatam G.(2024).First molecular identification and subtyping ofBlastocystissp. in the most consumed edible marine fish of Iran: A foodborne concern.Acta Parasitologica.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3500954\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-021-00360-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-16187-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2018.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105183"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2024.102124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-020-00186-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Prevalence of gastro intestinal nematodes of camel slaughtered at Akaki abattoir, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Birhanu T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Parasitologica Globalis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.1635-1640"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.81583"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05619-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12592"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106219"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2022.101848"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/PUJ.2018.16318"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10112259"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1212617"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-07920-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2017024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3863-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2005.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-022-00589-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.13019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101650"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05351-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00285-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2023.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102272"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5506-y"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.1442","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T07:36:38Z","timestamp":1718004998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.1442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.1442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.1442","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1442"}}