{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:15:38Z","timestamp":1772118938381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005412","name":"Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCU.VP1400.261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCU.VP1400.261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheal<\/jats:italic>\n                      (ORT) infects numerous birds, particularly chickens and turkeys. ORT is an emerging bacterial pathogen of global concern in the poultry industry. As ORT is rapidly spreading throughout commercial poultry, it requires intensive studies of its epidemiology, diagnostic procedures, molecular typing, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study was conducted in isolation and identification of ORT from slaughtered turkeys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cleft palate swabs of 200 were collected from slaughtered turkeys and cultured on blood agar. ORT was characterized using biochemical tests and PCR targeting the ORT 16S rRNA gene. Virulence genes of isolates were determined targeting adenylate kinase (\n                      <jats:italic>adk)<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>copA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and virulence\u2010associated protein D (\n                      <jats:italic>vapD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) genes. Additionally, diversity of ORT isolates was performed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and RAPD PCR. Disk diffusion was used to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ORT was identified in 23 (11.5%) samples using both the biochemical tests and PCR. The result of detecting virulence genes showed that all the isolates (23: 100%) had the\n                      <jats:italic>adk<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, whereas two (8.7%) isolates had the\n                      <jats:italic>copA<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, and seven (30.43%) isolates had the\n                      <jats:italic>vapD<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene. Molecular typing of isolates revealed 21 different patterns by RAPD PCR assay using M13 primer and 20 distinct patterns by ERIC PCR test. Both ERIC and RAPD PCR were distinctive methods for investigating the genetic diversity of\n                      <jats:italic>ORT<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. The antibiotic resistance test showed that 18 (78.26%) isolates were resistant to gentamicin, amikacin, cefazolin, streptomycin and penicillin. All isolates (100%) were resistant to cloxacillin and fosfomycin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study showed the prevalence of ORT in turkey and high resistance of this bacterium to many common veterinary antibiotics. Moreover, both ERIC and RAPD PCR are distinctive methods for investigating the genetic diversity of ORT isolates. These data may help monitor antibiotic resistance and typing of ORT in epidemiological studies and serve as the foundation for designing region\u2010specific vaccines for future use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T10:10:51Z","timestamp":1717582251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Isolation, identification, antibiotic resistance profile and molecular analysis of\n                    <i>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheal<\/i>\n                    isolates from turkeys"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6861-284X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sedigheh","family":"Yusefinejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz  Ahvaz 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