{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:10:57Z","timestamp":1781712657460,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Bersama abyssinica<\/jats:italic>\n                      Fresen is a plant that is used in folk medicine for the treatment of mastitis and other infectious diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Obiective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The antibacterial activity of methanol crude extract of plant was evaluated against three common bacterial pathogens, including Gram positive (\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and Gram negative (\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The antibacterial activities and minimum inhibitory concentration of\n                      <jats:italic>B. abyssinica<\/jats:italic>\n                      crude extracts were evaluated using agar\u2010well diffusion and broth dilution methods according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A significant difference in the antibacterial activity of crude extracts was observed among different levels of concentration against tested isolates. A higher mean inhibition zone diameter was recorded in\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (29.2 \u00b1 1.5\u00a0mm), followed by\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (27.8 \u00b1 1.1\u00a0mm) and\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (18.0 \u00b1 0.7\u00a0mm) at a concentration of 100\u00a0mg\/mL. The antibacterial activity of crude plant extract at 100\u00a0mg\/mL was comparable with that of a standard antibiotic (27.6 \u00b1 2.6) against\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. The findings indicated that bacterial growth inhibition increased as the concentration of the crude extracts increased.\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates showed significantly higher susceptibilities to crude extracts than\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      at all concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of extracts against\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were 0.78\u00a0mg\/mL, 1.56\u00a0mg\/mL and 1.56\u00a0mg\/mL, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All tested pathogenic bacterial species were susceptible to plant leaf extract and broad\u2010spectrum activity against Gram\u2010positive and Gram\u2010negative bacteria. The study recommends further fractionation of the\n                      <jats:italic>B. abyssinica<\/jats:italic>\n                      plant that contributes to its antibacterial activity and understands the mode of action of this plant against bacteria and other microbes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T09:14:39Z","timestamp":1718788479000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In vitro antibacterial activity of\n                    <i>Bersama abyssinica<\/i>\n                    Fresen crude extract against representative Gram\u2010positive and Gram\u2010negative bacterial isolates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1799-8770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tesfa","family":"Mossie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Microbiology, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) Jimma Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2011.615841"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10496475.2019.1635940"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906\u2010021\u201003498\u20106"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Botanical study and in vitro antibacterial activity of Bersama abyssinica Fresen. 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