{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:15:38Z","timestamp":1772118938717,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Silica\u2010sprayed tubes (SSTs) are often used to transport synovial fluid samples in equine practice. They promote the coagulation of the sample. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of SST on bacterial culture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was divided into two parts: sterile saline (Part A) and synovial fluid (Part B). Four common bacteria associated with equine synovial sepsis were used:\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and methicillin\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA). Three collection tubes were used: STT, plain (no\u2010additives) and brain and heart infusion (BHI) broth. Bacteria were cultured in horse blood agar plates for 48\u00a0h. Outcome variables were negative culture, positive culture and total number of colony\u2010forming units (CFUs). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test, and significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The total number of agar plates read was 1557 (779 saline; 778 synovial fluid). Total negative cultures were 25\/779 on saline and 3\/778 on synovial fluid. In broth, maximum growth CFU was achieved after 8\u00a0h for both saline and synovial fluid for all bacteria.\n                      <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      produced a significantly lower number of CFU when in SST compared to plain or broth after 4\u00a0h, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] and MRSA) only after 24\u00a0h.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Silica\u2010containing tubes reduced bacterial proliferation, whereas the use of a BHI broth provided the highest bacterial load in the sample. The use of SST may have a negative effect on bacterial proliferation in samples obtained from clinical cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T01:19:18Z","timestamp":1719278358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of silica\u2010sprayed collection tubes on synovial fluid bacterial culture"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5636-4378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Jimenez Rihuete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sussex Equine Hospital  Ashington UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolynn","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sussex Equine Hospital  Ashington UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas F.","family":"Villarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Pharmacology Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"Rubio\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sussex Equine Hospital  Ashington UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30664-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.13770"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.CS2011_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A scoping review of the current evidence on treatment and outcomes following synovial sepsis","volume":"54","author":"Souza T. 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