{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:13:18Z","timestamp":1772118798650,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Radiographic assessment of the intrathoracic caudal vena cava (CVC) is commonly used to evaluate hemodynamic status in veterinary patients without and with pulmonary, pericardial, or right\u2010sided cardiac diseases. Many of these patients are now commonly evaluated with computed tomography (CT) in both emergency and referral settings. Traditional radiographic ratios in dogs, particularly the CVC height\/aorta height (CVC\/Ao) ratio, are often extrapolated to CT in order to determine if the CVC is normal in size.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n The first goal of this retrospective study was to create an objective measurement method to evaluate the size of the CVC via CT. The second goal was to report normal CVC ratio values in both sagittal and transverse CT images.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The traditional lateral radiographic CVC ratios were extrapolated to similar ratios obtained from sagittal CT images in stable, sedated adult canine patients without known cardiac or pulmonary disease. Additionally, new methods of canine CVC ratios using transverse CT images were defined using vessel height and area. Mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the CVC ratios in transverse and sagittal CT images were calculated to determine normal reference ranges.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Ratio agreement from observers of different skill levels was moderate to excellent. Sagittal CT CVC\/Ao mean was 1.07\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.17 with a CI of 0.71.42. The mean and CI of transverse CT CVC\/Ao height and area were 1.14\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.27 and 0.781.44 and 1.36\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.59 and 0.641.94, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Application of normal sagittal and transverse CT ratio values in canine patients with and without hypotension, pulmonary, pericardial, or right\u2010sided cardiac diseases is necessary to determine the clinical usefulness of these ratios.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T12:53:41Z","timestamp":1718715221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Computed tomographic reference ranges of intrathoracic caudal vena cava ratios in sedated adult dogs without cardiac, pulmonary, or hypovolemic disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0470-4756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline N.","family":"Sankisov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Newsom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12162"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Treatment of canine heartworm disease coexisting with right\u2010side heart failure","volume":"180","author":"Calvert C. A.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.15-0695"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"709","article-title":"Ebstein's anomaly: A report of 3 cases in the dog","volume":"170","author":"Eyster G. E.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1997.tb00822.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2532051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1983.tb01550.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"208","article-title":"Radiographic findings in dogs with naturally\u2010occurring primary hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"35","author":"Meli\u00e1n C.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12808"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12167"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"358","article-title":"A critical evaluation of the radiographic findings in canine cardiovascular diseases","volume":"158","author":"Suter P. F.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12976"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.1510","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T05:14:10Z","timestamp":1723785250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.1510"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.1510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.1510","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1510\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1510\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1510\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1510\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1510\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1510\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1510\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1510\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1510\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1510\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.1510\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1510"}}