{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T11:12:41Z","timestamp":1792494761785,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antibodies have been proven effective as diagnostic agents for detecting zoonotic diseases. The variable domain of camel heavy chain antibody (VHH), as an antibody derivative, may be used as an alternative for traditional antibodies in existing immunodiagnostic reagents for detecting rapidly spreading infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To expedite the isolation of specific antibodies for diagnostic purposes, we constructed a semi\u2010synthetic camel single domain antibody library based on the phage display technique platform (PDT) and verified the validity of this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The semi\u2010synthetic single domain antibody sequences consist of two parts: one is the FR1\u2010FR3 region amplified by RT\u2010PCR from healthy camel peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), and the other part is the CDR3\u2010FR4 region synthesised as an oligonucleotide containing CDR3 randomised region. The two parts were fused by overlapping PCR, resulting in the rearranged variable\u00a0domain of heavy\u2010chain antibodies (VHHs).\n                      <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                      low\u2010calcium response V protein (LcrV) is an optional biomarker to detect the\n                      <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection. The semi\u2010synthetic library herein was screened using recombinant (LcrV) as a target antigen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After four cycles of panning the library, four VHH binders targeting 1\u2013270 aa residues of LcrV were isolated. The four VHH genes with unique sequences were recloned into an expression vector and expressed as VHH\u2010hFc chimeric antibodies. The purified antibodies were identified and used to develop a lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) test strip using latex microspheres (LM) for the rapid and visual detection of\n                      <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data demonstrate the great potential of the semi\u2010synthetic library for use in isolation of antigen\u2010specific nanobodies and the isolated specific VHHs can be used in antigen\u2010capture immunoassays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T03:26:45Z","timestamp":1719890805000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Isolation of camel single domain antibodies against\n                    <i>Yersinia pestis<\/i>\n                    V270 antigen based on a semi\u2010synthetic single domain antibody library and development of a VHH\u2010based lateral flow assay"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Uncover Biotech Limited Liability Company  Beijing China"},{"name":"Ordos Uncover Biotech Limited Liability Company Dalad Qi  Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunsheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vaccine Ordos Dalad Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center Dalad Qi Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Daren Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Dalad Qi Inner Mongolia 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Dalad Qi Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vaccine Ordos Dalad Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center Dalad Qi Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinshi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Daren Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Dalad Qi Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7938-2109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Uncover Biotech Limited Liability Company  Beijing China"},{"name":"Ordos Uncover Biotech Limited Liability Company Dalad Qi  Inner Mongolia 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