{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:35:38Z","timestamp":1761744938242,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Departments of Large Animal Medicine and Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture, University of Georgia"},{"name":"Zoetis Animal Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of 4\u2010day CoSynch + Controlled internal drug release (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0+\u00a0timed artificial insemination (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAI<\/jats:styled-content>) in dairy heifers has resulted in adequate pregnancy rates compared with the 5\u2010day CoSynch + <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> + <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAI<\/jats:styled-content> protocol. The objective of this study was to compare follicular growth, timing of ovulation and serum progesterone (P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), estradiol (E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and luteinizing hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content>) concentrations in dairy heifers treated with modified 4\u2010 or 5\u2010day CoSynch + <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> protocols (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> for 4 or 5\u00a0days, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> removal and Gn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RH<\/jats:styled-content> + <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAI<\/jats:styled-content> 72\u00a0h later). Twelve cycling Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to either the 4\u2010 or 5\u2010day Co\u2010Synch+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06\/treatment) to receive an intravaginal insert <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> containing 1.38\u00a0g of P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> for 4 or 5\u00a0days, respectively. At <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> removal, 25\u00a0mg of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> was injected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content>; 72\u00a0h after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> removal, heifers received 100\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g of Gn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RH IM<\/jats:styled-content> and timed artificial insemination (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAI<\/jats:styled-content>). Follicular growth and timing of ovulation were assessed using transrectal ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected at the time of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> insertion and at frequent time points after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> removal for determination of P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> (at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAI<\/jats:styled-content>), E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (every 12\u00a0h) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> (every 6\u00a0h during the first and second day and every 2\u00a0h on the third day). Heifers in the 4\u2010day group had smaller follicles from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> insert removal to ovulation compared with heifers in the 5\u2010day treatment. Five of six heifers (83.3%) in the 4\u2010day treatment ovulated at 90\u201396\u00a0h post <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> insert removal, whereas most heifers in the 5\u2010day treatment (4\/6; 66.6%) ovulated at 84\u201390\u00a0h post <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> insert withdrawal. Heifers in the 5\u2010day treatment reached greater peak <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> concentration between 48 and 72\u00a0h after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> insert removal and lesser E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentration at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAI<\/jats:styled-content> than heifers in the 4\u2010day treatment. In conclusion, heifers in the 4\u2010day treatment had smaller follicular diameter at 0, 30, 36, 42 and 48\u00a0h after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> insert removal, longer interval from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> insert removal to ovulation, greater E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentrations at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAI<\/jats:styled-content>, and lesser peak <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> concentration than heifers in the 5\u2010day treatment. These results represent a baseline for further studies to determine if prolonging the interval to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAI<\/jats:styled-content> by 6\u00a0h in the 4\u2010day CoSynch+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDR<\/jats:styled-content> would improve pregnancy risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T07:49:45Z","timestamp":1555919385000},"page":"379-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of follicular development, timing of ovulation and serum progesterone, estradiol and luteinizing hormone concentrations in dairy heifers treated with 4\u2010 or 5\u2010day CoSynch + <scp>CIDR<\/scp> protocols"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Heidi","family":"Fishman\u2010Holland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine The University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agne","family":"Stoskute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health College of Veterinary Medicine The University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4881-1959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria S.","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine The University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deana","family":"Veal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine The University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joao H. 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