{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:00:11Z","timestamp":1788242411465,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>African swine fever (ASF), erysipelas and many other infectious and parasitic diseases have seriously compromised the future of pig industry in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Since implementation of biosecurity measures (BM) is known to reduce the risk of disease transmission, the objective of this study was to describe the pig farming management system as well as the biosecurity practices on pig farms in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Therefore, 97 farms were investigated using a face\u2010to\u2010face interview\u2010based questionnaire. Biosecurity practices were divided in three components: isolation, traffic control and sanitation. The results revealed that the majority of farms were extensive (73.22%), farrow\u2010to\u2010finish farms (59.79%) and essentially raising crossed\u2010bred (72.75%). The most practiced BM regarding \u2018isolation\u2019 were as follows: maintenance of the minimum distance between farms (56.06%) and dispatching of animals of same age in the same room (97.16%); for \u2018traffic control\u2019, the measures included the following: assignment of specific tools and equipment (96.86%) to a specific piggery; concerning \u2018sanitation\u2019, daily cleaning (97.06%), as well as using disinfectants (89.13%) were mostly implemented. The measures less implemented for \u2018isolation\u2019 included fencing (11.83%), compliance with the all\u2010in all\u2010out principle (10.11%), use of specific clothing (6.03%) and quarantine (7.69%); for \u2018traffic control\u2019, the less adopted measures comprised visitor hands washed before animal handling (11.65%), respect of linear flow principle (13.52%). Concerning \u2018sanitation\u2019, these measures included functional footbath (29.90%), processing of drinking water (27.84%) and cleanout (18.14%). The biosecurity level was low, intermediate and high for 73.71, 21.55 and 4.73% of farms, respectively. This low level suggests that ASF and other diseases are likely to remain endemic. The most important measures of concern and to improve are as follows: not feeding kitchen waste to pigs; keeping other livestock species away from pigs; fencing pig barn; keeping newly arrived animals in quarantine, not exchanging boars; not selling sick animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T12:00:29Z","timestamp":1572868829000},"page":"82-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Management and biosecurity practices on pig farms in the Western Highlands of Cameroon (Central Africa)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8794-6138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc K.","family":"Kouam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences Dschang Cameroon"},{"name":"Center for Research on Filariases and other Tropical Diseases (CRFilMT) Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjeli","family":"Jacouba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences Dschang Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junior O.","family":"Moussala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences Dschang Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Mechanical transmission of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to weaned pigs by people, and biosecurity procedures that prevented such transmission","volume":"11","author":"Amass S. 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