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In northern Tanzania, Q fever is a known cause of human febrile illness, but little is known about its distribution in animal hosts. We used a quantitative real\u2010time PCR (qPCR) targeting the insertion element IS1111 to determine the presence and prevalence of\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\u00a0\n burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n infections in small mammals trapped in 12 villages around Moshi Rural and Moshi Urban Districts, northern Tanzania. A total of 382 trapped small mammals of seven species were included in the study;\n Rattus rattus<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0317),\n Mus musculus<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a044),\n Mastomys natalensis<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a08),\n Acomys wilson<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a06),\n Mus minutoides<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a03),\n Paraxerus flavovottis<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a03) and\n Atelerix albiventris<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a01). Overall, 12 (3.1%) of 382 (95% CI: 1.6\u20135.4) small mammal spleens were positive for\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\u00a0\n burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n DNA.\n Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n DNA was detected in five of seven of the small mammal species trapped;\n R<\/jats:italic>\n .\u00a0\n rattus<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a07),\n M<\/jats:italic>\n .\u00a0\n musculus<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a01),\n A<\/jats:italic>\n .\u00a0\n wilson<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a02),\n P<\/jats:italic>\n .\u00a0\n flavovottis<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a01) and\n A.\u00a0albiventris<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a01). Eleven (91.7%) of twelve (95% CI: 61.5\u201399.8)\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\u00a0\n burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n DNA positive small mammals were trapped within Moshi Urban District. These findings demonstrate that small mammals in Moshi, northern Tanzania are hosts of\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\u00a0\n burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n and may act as a source of\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\u00a0\n burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n infection to humans and other animals. This detection of\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\u00a0\n burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n infections in small mammals should motivate further studies into the contribution of small mammals to the transmission of\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\u00a0\n burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n to humans and animals in this region.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]],"date-time":"2020-12-05T08:11:02Z","timestamp":1607155862000},"page":"960-967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular detection of\n Coxiella burnetii<\/i>\n infection in small mammals from Moshi Rural and Urban Districts, northern Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9030-140X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ndyetabura O.","family":"Theonest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania"},{"name":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute Moshi Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan W.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Kasagama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute Moshi Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius D.","family":"Keyyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute Arusha Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel 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