{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T15:25:34Z","timestamp":1790954734346,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007709","name":"Michigan State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007709","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease which is endemic to certain regions of the world including Sub\u2010Saharan Africa. The aim of this article is to provide a recent and rapid review on brucellosis prevalence in East African Community (EAC) countries. Literature was obtained using Google Scholar search engine and screened for relevancy and fulfilment of criteria to 1, 17, 4, 4, 30 and 29 articles retained for brucellosis prevalence in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Recent literature (published in the last decade 2010 to 2019) was considered for prevalence results in this review. In EAC, livestock had an animal\u2010level prevalence of 0.2% to 43.8%, 0.0% to 20.0% and 0.0% to 13.8% for cattle, goats and sheep respectively. In humans, the prevalence varied mostly between 0.0% and 35.8%. In conclusion, brucellosis is quite prevalent in the region. The reported prevalence calls for plans or more efforts from individual member countries and from EAC, as a region, to control brucellosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T20:42:59Z","timestamp":1610656979000},"page":"851-867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Brucellosis: Prevalence with reference to East African community countries \u2013 A rapid review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6872-9151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juvenal","family":"Djangwani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology University of Nairobi Kangemi Kenya"},{"name":"College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine School of Agriculture and Food Sciences University of Rwanda Musanze Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2524-7862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Ooko Abong\u2019","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology University of Nairobi Kangemi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Gicuku Njue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology University of Nairobi Kangemi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dasel W. M.","family":"Kaindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology University of Nairobi Kangemi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"423","volume-title":"Zoonoses and communicable diseases common to man and animals","author":"Acha P. N.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.6.4.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"A propos d \u2019 une enquete sero\u2010epizootiologique sure la brucellose bovine au Rwanda","author":"Akayezu J. M. V.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1799-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.32.1.2187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-017-1308-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0504-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Brucellosis in Colombia: Current status and challenges in the control of an endemic disease","volume":"6","author":"Avila\u2010Granados L. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Updates on brucellosis in Malaysia and Southeast Asia","author":"Bamaiyi P. H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"World bank\u2010Burundi population","author":"Bank W.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2005.07.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Control and eradication strategies for Brucella melitensis infection in sheep and goats","volume":"165","author":"Blasco J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Section of Biological and Medical Sciences of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"La brucellose en Afrique subsaharienne","volume":"158","author":"Boukary A. R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annales de Medecine Veterinaire"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0327"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"Note on the discovery of a microorganism in malta fever","author":"Bruce D.","year":"1887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-018-1631-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/try033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ijfs.2016.5913"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","unstructured":"Chatikoba P. Manzi M. Kagarama J. Rwemarika J. D. &Umunezero O.(2008).The prevalence of bovine brucellosis in milking dairy herds in nyagatare and its implications on dairy productivity and public health.The 3rd International Conference on Appropriate Technology (3rd ICAT) 368\u2013376.http:\/\/www.howard.edu\/library\/scholarship@howard\/books\/2008\/icat2008.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003750"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","article-title":"Epidemiological study of bovine brucellosis in indigenous cattle population in Kibondo and Kakonko districts, Western Tanzania","volume":"27","author":"Chitupila G. Y.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Livestock Research for Rural Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/acsj.v24i1.5S"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Brucellosis in humans and animals","author":"Corbel M. J.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002324"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005508"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03031853.2015.1084941"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Sero\u2010prevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants in Kiruhura District of Uganda","volume":"5","author":"Dubad A. B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Advance Tropical Medicine and Public Health International"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2041-7136-4-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29121\/granthaalayah.v6.i2.2018.1564"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","unstructured":"Engida E. Guthiga P. &Karugia J.(2015).The Role of Livestock in the Tanzanian Economy: Policy Analysis Using a Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model for Tanzania) ** Senior Policy Analyst The Regional Strategy Analysis and Knowledge Support System for Eastern and Central Africa ** Coor.Agriculture in an Interconnected World 22."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2941-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-016-1067-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5228-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17352\/2455-5363.000024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2559-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","volume-title":"FAOSTAT statistical database","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. (2009).Brucella melitensisin Eurasia and the Middle East. InAnimal Production and Health(IssueMay).http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/012\/i1402e\/i1402e00.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. (2014).FAO works to curb the burden of brucellosis in endemic countries Case studies from Eurasia and the Near East. InFAO Empres(Issue8)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","volume-title":"The Impact of conflict on the livestock sector in south Sudan","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations(2018a).Livestock production systems spotlight\u2010Kenya\u2010Cattle and poultry sectors.FAO.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0301\u20106226(97)89729\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. (2018b).The monetary impact of zoonotic diseases on society: Uganda. InAfrican Sustainable Livestock2050."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","volume-title":"The future of livestock in Uganda\u2010Opportunities and challenges in the face of uncertainty","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","volume-title":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","author":"Food and Drug Administration","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-5016-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Human Brucellosis in garzeted forest areas: A case of bwindi impenetrable","volume":"5","author":"Frank S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Foodborne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0632"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17950\/ijset\/v4s12\/1202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.33.2.2290"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2001.0681"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/iee.v6.32442"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mapping of poverty and likely zoonoses hotspots","volume":"4","author":"International Livestock Research Institute","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zoonoses Report"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"Least developed countries \u2013 The case of Burundi","volume":"61","author":"Jen\u00ed\u010dek V.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agricultural Economics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Positive association between Brucella spp. seroprevalences in livestock and humans from a cross\u2010sectional study in Garissa and Tana River Counties, Kenya","author":"Kairu\u2010wanyoike S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2537-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-015-0072-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.12-0164"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","first-page":"1482","article-title":"Investigation of brucellosis in cattle and buffaloes by conventional and molecular assays","volume":"52","author":"Kaur P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Animal Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Studies of brucellosis in lactating cows in Babati district, Tanzania","volume":"35","author":"Kayombo G.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","volume-title":"Draft national livestock policy","author":"Kenya Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, F. and I","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","volume-title":"2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census. Volume IV: Distribution of population by social\u2010economic characteristics","author":"Kenya National Bureau of Statistics","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319758"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Estimating prevalence of brucellosis in livestock and assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices of respective communities in Baringo county, Kenya","volume":"21","author":"Kosgei P. K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fourth RUFORUM Biennial Regional Conference"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","volume-title":"Baseline survey report for Rwanda Dairy Competitiveness Program (RDCP)","author":"Land O\u2019 lakes I.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-95962000000600004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","first-page":"454","volume-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine Brucellosis in Central","author":"Lita E.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-016-1005-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874318801004010072"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sero\u2010prevalence of brucellosis among slaughterhouse workers in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan","volume":"7","author":"Madut N. A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006456"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199315"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Distribution and prevalence of human Brucellosis among patients reporting at Chemundu Dispensary, Nandi County, Kenya","volume":"6","author":"Maiyo G.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Baraton Interdisciplinary Research Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3907-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014188"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-7-60"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13570-019-0157-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12578"},{"issue":"01","key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Comparison between rose Bengal plat test and competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to detect bovine Brucellosis in Kigali City, Rwanda","volume":"06","author":"Manishimwe R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)02105-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15226\/sojmid\/5\/2\/00169"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0476-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00249-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.32.1.2197"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","first-page":"138","article-title":"Note sur la brucellose au Burundi","author":"Merker M.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Revue D\u2019elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire Des Pays Tropicaux"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33915-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12332"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006600"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-016-0034-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00213","article-title":"Retrospective and prospective perspectives on zoonotic brucellosis","volume":"5","author":"Moreno E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.14-0452"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/720413"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","article-title":"Seroprevalence and factors affecting canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and canine brucellosis in Tanzania","author":"Muhairwa A. P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Research Opinions in Animal & Veterinary Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predominance of Brucella abortus antibodies among women with spontaneous abortion in the city of Mwanza: Unrecognized link or coincidence ?","author":"Mujuni F.","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v18i1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815002575"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-901"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_105_1","article-title":"A sero\u2010epidemiological survey of Brucellosis, Q\u2010fever and Leptospirosis in livestock and humans and associated risk factors in Kajiado County\u2010 Kenya","volume":"4","author":"Nakkel M. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_106_1","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Sero\u2010prevalence of bovine and human brucellosis on selected farms in South\u2010western Uganda","volume":"10","author":"Nanfuka M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Online Journal of Public Health Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v14i4.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_108_1","volume-title":"Agricultural household survey 2016\/2017","author":"National Institute of statistics of Rwanda","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_109_1","volume-title":"Statistical YearBook","author":"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v89i0.1625"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.33.99.16960"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v84i1.943"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2212.160285"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3532-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-017-1296-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_117_1","unstructured":"Nonga H. E. &Mwakapeje E. R.(2017).Trends of human brucellosis in pastoralist communities based on hospital records during 2013\u20132016 in Ngorongoro District Tanzania.Tanzania Veterinary Association Proceedings 34 34\u201340.http:\/\/www.suaire.sua.ac.tz:8080\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/123456789\/2536\/NongaandMwakapeje.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1842-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_119_1","volume-title":"The contribution of livestock to the south Sudan economy","author":"Onyango D.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70382-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_122_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Control of animal Brucellosis \u2014 The most effective tool to prevent human Brucellosis","author":"Perez\u2010Sancho M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intech, Tourism"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_123_1","unstructured":"Pergher G. &Noel G.(1936).Note sur la Fievre Ondulante au Ruanda\u2010Urundi.Annales de La Societe Belge de Medecine Tropicale."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-016-1052-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/740479"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879600800114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v12i3.51261"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v83i1.1032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v81i1.818"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_131_1","article-title":"Seroprevalence study of swine brucellosis and knowledge of pig traders and dressers at slaughter facilities in temeke municipality of dar es salaam, Tanzania","volume":"27","author":"Simon C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Livestock Research for Rural Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_132_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Disease and health conditions affecting camel production in pastoral and agro\u2010pastoral communities of northern Tanzania","volume":"1","author":"Swai E. S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/837950"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(11)60030-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(11)60190-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_136_1","volume-title":"Annual agriculture sample survey crop and livestock report, 2016\/17","author":"Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_137_1","volume-title":"Tanzania in figures 2018","author":"Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1474-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thienpont D. Vandervelden M. Fagard P. &Mortelmans J.(1961).L \u2019 hygroma brucellique : l \u2019 aspect clinique caract\u00e9ristique de la brucellose bovine au Rwanda\u2010Burundi.Revue d\u2019elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire Des Pays Tropicaux 1956.","DOI":"10.19182\/remvt.7097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2242-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_141_1","volume-title":"Statistical abstract","author":"Uganda Bureau Of Statistics","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_142_1","volume-title":"Africa yearbook","author":"United Nations Economic Commission for Africa","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_143_1","unstructured":"United States Agency for International Development (USAID).(2009).Livelihoods Zoning \u201cPlus\u201d Activity in Burundi A special Report by The Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) November 2009.https:\/\/fews.net\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/reports\/bi_zonedescriptions_en.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_144_1","article-title":"Research priorities for zoonoses and marginalized infections","volume":"971","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Health Organization Technical Report Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-018-0411-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2016.11.007"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.425","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.425","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.425","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T06:42:51Z","timestamp":1692945771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"references-count":145,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.425","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v4\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v4\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v4\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v4\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.425\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}