{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:16:29Z","timestamp":1772118989276,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Coenurosis, known commonly as gid, is caused by a tapeworm\n                      <jats:italic>Taenia multiceps<\/jats:italic>\n                      . It is a disease of small ruminants globally but also occurs in large ruminants, especially in yak in the Himalaya. Gid is a pathological condition in young yaks, mostly below 3\u00a0years of age. The infected animal displays a circling movement with the head tilting towards the location of the cyst of a tapeworm on the cerebral surface of the brain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a study with the primary aim to gain an insight into yak herdsmen's practices to manage Coenurosis in the Laya administrative block of Bhutan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All seven villages of Laya were included for sampling. Seventy\u2010five out of 182 households owned yaks, and 54 yak\u2010owning households were selected randomly. The government livestock officials of nine yak\u2010rearing highland districts were also included in the study. A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted based on a questionnaire survey and focussed mainly on herdsmen's practices to manage gid. Two sets of questionnaires were used for yak herders and livestock officials. Each predesigned questionnaire was semi\u2010structured and consisted of both open\u2013 and closed\u2010ended questions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study revealed gid as a major cause of yak mortality. Gid occurred more in winter during migration and most herders lost one to three yaks annually. Herdsmen kept an average of two watchdogs and dewormed them once annually. Similarly, calves were also dewormed once annually. The carcasses of dead yaks were fed to dogs. Livestock officials were optimistic about controlling the disease in the future, despite the yak areas being difficult to access. Most herders had not attended the gid awareness programme. The animal health worker visited herds once annually. In absence of animal health workers, most herdsmen resorted to different practices to treat affected yaks \u2013the most common practice being surgery. Gid was mentioned to harm herdsmen's economy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study concluded that for effective management of gid in Laya, livestock agencies must create more awareness on gid, increase the frequency of visits by animal health workers to yak herds, and increase the frequency of deworming of watchdogs and calves.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T08:34:36Z","timestamp":1616488476000},"page":"1191-1198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Are current practices of yak herdsmen adequate to combat\n                    <i>Coenurosis<\/i>\n                    in Laya Bhutan?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yeshi","family":"Wangdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Highland Research and Development Center Ministry of Agriculture and Forest Bumthang Bhutan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5991-3969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kesang","family":"Wangchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Integrated Mountain Development Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/jasa.20160409121545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(15)61001-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Preventing the spread of Coenurosis \u2013 A disease of sheep and goats","author":"Alemu B.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Constable P. D. Kenneth William Hinchcliff K. W. &Gruenberg W.(2017).Veterinary Medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle horses sheep pigs and goats. Available at:https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/311774533(Accessed on 23 February 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385157-4.00395-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Bhutan livestock statistics 2018","author":"DoL (Department of Livestock)","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"National gid prevention and control program","author":"DoL (Department of Livestock)","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Dorji T.(2000).Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the yak (Bos grunniens) and yak farming systems in Bhutan. MSc. Thesis. Institute of Land and Food Resources University of Melbourne Australia."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"277","volume-title":"The yaks","author":"Dorji T.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"FAO. (2020).Specific diseases of sheep and goats.http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/t0756e\/T0756E06.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52899-5.00018-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"282","article-title":"Bilateral bone perforation caused by Coenurus cerebralis in a sheep: Case report","volume":"30","author":"G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc F.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Gyamtsho P.(1996).Assessment of the condition and potential for improvement of high\u2013altitude rangelands of Bhutan. PhD Thesis Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Economy of yak herders","author":"Gyamtsho P.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journals of Bhutan Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Extraneural coenuriasis in Bengal goats","volume":"17","author":"Hashim M. A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bangladesh Veterinary"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","volume-title":"A handbook of statistical analyses using SPSS","author":"IBM","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"76","volume-title":"Yak production in central Asian highlands","author":"Kreutzmann H.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53490-3.00027-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RJ08012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.12.1913"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"National Centre for Animal Health (NCAH). (2015).National Consultative Workshop on Gid Prevention and Control Program.http:\/\/www.ncah.gov.bt"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"National gid disease prevention and control plan","author":"National Centre for Animal Health (NCAH)","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","volume-title":"Annual Dzongkhag Statistic Gasa","author":"National Statistics Bureau","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"National Statistics Bureau. (2005).Population and Housing Census of Bhutan. Bhutan.http:\/\/www.nsb.gov.bt"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","volume-title":"Guyoum","author":"Palden T.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"Samdrup T.(1992).Gid surveillance in yak under Lingshi dungkhag\u2013Tour Report.\u00a0Parasitology Unit RVEC. Thimphu Bhutan 1\u201330."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2008.02.027"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Updates on morphobiology, epidemiology and molecular characterization of Coenurosis in sheep","volume":"48","author":"Scala A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Prevalence and pathology of Coenurosis in organized goat farms","volume":"12","author":"Sharma D.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Public health and economic significance cerebral coenurosis in sheep and goat: A review","volume":"7","author":"Shiferaw A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Parasitologica 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