{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:30:11Z","timestamp":1792423811877,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lead toxicity is one of the causative agents of male infertility that raised concern from environmental contamination worldwide. L\u2010carnitine, a biologically active amino acid, present in high concentration in the reproductive organs such as the epididymis, is involved in sperm maturation. The possible protective effect of L\u2010carnitine in experimentally lead\u2010induced male reproductive toxicity in rats was evaluated in this study. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group 1: the negative control group was treated with normal saline; Group 2: exposed to 50\u00a0mg\/kg lead acetate (2% solution in saline); and Group 3: treated with lead acetate 50\u00a0mg\/kg (2% solution in saline) + L\u2010carnitine 100\u00a0mg\/kg. At the end of the experimental period, body and testicular weights were determined, blood samples were withdrawn for hormonal assays of FSH, LH and testosterone. Sperm parameters as sperm count, morphology, viability and motility were measured. Testicular tissue homogenates were prepared for enzymatic assays and for measuring oxidative stress parameters. Lead significantly increased both oxidative stress and the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase\u2010C in the testicular tissues with a decrease in sperm count, motility and viability. Lead acetate treatment, induced alteration in sperms with normal morphology together with reductions in the serum FSH, LH, testosterone, body and testicular weights. The concentration of 17\u03b2\u2010hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was significantly reduced. Co\u2010administration of L\u2010carnitine significantly reduced testicular oxidative stress, improved sperm parameters, elevated serum FSH, LH and testosterone with an insignificant reduction in the testicular weight. The concentrations of 17\u03b2\u2010hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase\u2010C were significantly improved by L\u2010carnitine. The overall results indicate that L\u2010carnitine is expected to improve the lead acetate\u2010induced male reproductive toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T13:04:52Z","timestamp":1615899892000},"page":"1426-1435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Ameliorative effect of L\u2010carnitine on chronic lead\u2010induced reproductive toxicity in male rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2772-9566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rania A.","family":"Abdel\u2010Emam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0412-0689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esraa A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/oxim.2.2.8177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"L\u2010carnitine and assisted reproduction","volume":"5","author":"Abdelrazik H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Archives of Medical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"980","article-title":"Effect of ginger and L\u2010carnitine on the reproductive performance of male rats","volume":"64","author":"Abo\u2010Ghanema I. 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