{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:13:13Z","timestamp":1783606393706,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007537","name":"Agricultural Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic bacterial disease of humans and other animals. In the Republic of South Africa (RSA), animal brucellosis is widespread and the current available data on the prevalence of this disease rely solely on serological testing. The primary limitation of brucellosis serology is the lack of discriminatory powers to differentiate between\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and biovars as well as the cross\u2010reactivity observed with other Gram\u2010negative bacteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of this study was to conduct a retrospective laboratory\u2010based survey on\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and biovars isolated from various animal species in SA between 2008 and 2018.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The isolation of\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and biovar typing was performed using conventional microbiological techniques.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 963 strains of Brucella species were included in this study with a frequency of detection for\n                      <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0883; 91.6%) followed by\n                      <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a042; 4.4%),\n                      <jats:italic>B. ovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a029; 3.0%) and\n                      <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a09; 0.9%). Of the 883 strains of\n                      <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 90.1% were typed as\n                      <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                      biovar\u20101 while 5.7% as\n                      <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                      biovar\u20102, and 3.3% and 0.5% were\n                      <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                      S19 and B.\n                      <jats:italic>abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                      RB51 vaccine strains, respectively. Among the 42\n                      <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains, 71.4% were reported as\n                      <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      biovar\u20101 and 26.2% as\n                      <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      biovar\u20103 while 2.4% was\n                      <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      biovar\u20102.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study, such as this one, provides useful information that can be critical in formulating policies and strategies for the control and eradication of brucellosis in animal populations in RSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T14:30:32Z","timestamp":1620743432000},"page":"1245-1253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Characterisation of\n                    <i>Brucella<\/i>\n                    species and biovars in South Africa between 2008 and 2018 using laboratory diagnostic data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1495-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itumeleng","family":"Matle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division ARC\u2010Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty","family":"Ledwaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karabelo","family":"Madiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Division ARC\u2010Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavhelesani","family":"Makhado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division ARC\u2010Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kudakwashe","family":"Jambwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division ARC\u2010Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nombasa","family":"Ntushelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biometry Division Agriculture Research Council Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"AgricSA. (2019).https:\/\/www.dailymaverick.co.za\/article\/2019\u201011\u201013\u2010south\u2010africa\u2010unprepared\u2010for\u2010drought\u2010disaster\u2010agrisa\u2010warns\u2010government\/. Accessed on 17 February 2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Techniques for the Brucellosis laboratory","author":"Alton G.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.32.1.2187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/357235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"1510","volume-title":"Infectious diseases of livestock with special reference to Southern Africa","author":"Bishop G. C.","year":"1994"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Scheme for the control and eventual eradication of bovine brucellosis (author's transl)","volume":"51","author":"Bosman P. P.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12777"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v88i0.1433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Infectious diseases of livestock","author":"Coetzer J. A. W.","year":"2004"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"450","article-title":"International committee on systematic bacteriology subcommittee on the taxonomy of Brucella","volume":"38","author":"Corbel M. J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0302.970219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"377","volume-title":"Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology","author":"Corbel M. J.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Epidemiology and surveillance","volume":"1","author":"Crawford R. P.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Animal Brucellosis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"Brucella melitensis: A forgotten disease?","author":"DAFF","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","volume-title":"Discussion paper on the review of Bovine Brucellosis Control in South Africa","author":"DAFF","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213689"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)75827-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"383","article-title":"Typing of Brucella field strains isolated from livestock population in Italy between 2001 and 2006","volume":"44","author":"Di Giannatale E.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Veterinaria Italiana"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.96.4.893-901.1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijvsm.2018.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879400600408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65269-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Brucellosis in humans\u2010etiology, diagnostics, clinical forms","volume":"20","author":"Galinska E. M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.21.2.1333"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.33.2.2290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.157.21.668"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"The isolation of Brucella abortus biotype I from African buffalo in the Kruger National Park","volume":"48","author":"Gradwell D. I.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v79i1.234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Infectious substances shipping guidelines","author":"IATA","year":"2006"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"1476","article-title":"Biovar distribution of Brucella strains isolated from livestock in Turkey between 2010\u20132015","volume":"52","author":"Karagul M. S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Animal Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","volume-title":"Vegetation and cattle responses to different intensities of grazing on short\u2010grass ranges on the Central Great Plains (No. 1216)","author":"Klipple G. E.","year":"1960"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A retrospective study (2007\u20132015) on brucellosis seropositivity in livestock in South Africa","author":"Kolo F. B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Veterinary Medicine and Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45927-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)70158-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/JVMAH2015.0380"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","first-page":"340","article-title":"A retrospective study of Brucellosis seroprevalence in commercial and smallholder cattle farms of Zimbabwe","volume":"58","author":"Matope G.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.32.1.2197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","first-page":"877","article-title":"The degree and duration of immunity in cattle resulting from vaccination with S. 19 Br. abortus vaccine and its implication in the future control and eventual eradication of brucellosis","volume":"69","author":"McDiarmid A.","year":"1957","journal-title":"Veternary Record"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Brucellosis surveillance and control in Zimbabwe: Bacteriological and serological investigation in dairy herds","volume":"63","author":"Mohan K.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Vaccination against Brucella","volume":"13","author":"Nicoletti P.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Advances in Biotechnological Processes"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","first-page":"281","article-title":"Prevalence of Brucella abortus in buffaloes of Mafikeng game reserve, North West province, South Africa: A retrospective study","volume":"50","author":"Nyirenda M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Animal Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","volume-title":"Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals","author":"OIE","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","first-page":"1273","volume-title":"An introduction to statistical methods and data analysis: Brooks","author":"Ott R. L.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70382-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","article-title":"Diagnosis of brucellosis","volume":"4","author":"Poester F.","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Open Veterinary Science Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"The isolation and serology of Brucella melitensis in a herd of goats in central RSA","volume":"57","author":"Ribeiro L. M. M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.138.26.647"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the rpoB gene region for genotyping of Brucella melitensis strains isolated from field in Turkey","volume":"20","author":"Sayan M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kafkas \u00dcniversitesi Veteriner Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65356-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.011148-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.000998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00255-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immunological response to Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccination of cattle in a communal area in South Africa","volume":"89","author":"Simpson G. J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","volume-title":"Information sheet: Brucella canis","author":"Van Helden L.","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"La brucellose bovine \u00e0 Brucella melitensis en France [Bovine brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis in France]","volume":"20","author":"Verger J. M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annals of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-35-3-292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.065482-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2016.v106i9.11020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Guidelines for the safe transport of infectious substances and diagnostic specimens","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.2.283"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"Brucella melitensis isolated from aborted cow and sheep fetuses in northwest of China","volume":"24","author":"Zhang H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kafkas \u00dcniversitesi Veteriner Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1788995"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.483","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.483","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.483","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T07:52:39Z","timestamp":1693295559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.483"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.483"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.483","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v4\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v2\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v2\/review4","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v4\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v4\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v3\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v4\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.483\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}