{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T22:13:27Z","timestamp":1784585607059,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014035","name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P0136_19_KY_02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0136_19_KY_02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Q fever is not routinely diagnosed in Kenyan hospitals. This study reports on Q fever in patients presenting at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya, with febrile illness. ELISA was used to detect\n                    <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    phase antigens. Of 406 patients, 45 (11.1%) were judged to have acute disease (phase II IgM or IgG\u00a0&gt;\u00a0phase I IgG), 2 (0.5%) were chronic (phase I IgG titer &gt;800 or phase I IgG\u00a0&gt;\u00a0phase II IgG), while 26 (6.4%) had previous exposure (phase I IgG titer &lt;800). Age (6\u201310\u00a0years,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.002) and contact with goats (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.014) were significant risk factors. Compared to immunofluorescence antibody test, the sensitivity and specificity for phase I IgG were 84% and 98%, respectfully, 46% and 100% for phase II IgG and 35% and 89% for phase II IgM. It is concluded that the low sensitivity of phase II ELISA underestimated the true burden of acute Q fever in the study population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T23:17:18Z","timestamp":1620343038000},"page":"2093-2099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Seroprevalence of\n                    <i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i>\n                    in patients presenting with acute febrile illness at Marigat District Hospital, Baringo County, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Allan P.","family":"Lemtudo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Directorate\u2010Africa\/Kenya Walter Reed Army Institute of Research\/Kenya Medical Research Institute Kisumu Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences School of Science University of Eldoret Eldoret Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth K.","family":"Mutai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Directorate\u2010Africa\/Kenya Walter Reed Army Institute of Research\/Kenya Medical Research Institute Kisumu Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizzy","family":"Mwamburi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences School of Science University of Eldoret Eldoret Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2540-4397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John N.","family":"Waitumbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Directorate\u2010Africa\/Kenya Walter Reed Army Institute of Research\/Kenya Medical Research Institute Kisumu Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Anderson A. Bijlmer H. Fournier P. E. Graves S. Hartzell J. D. Kersh G. J. Limonard G. Marrie T. J. Massung R. F. McQuiston J .H. Nicholson W. L. Paddock C. D. &Sexton D. J.(2013).Diagnosis and Management of Q Fever \u2010 United States 2013: Recommendations from CDC and the Q Fever Working Group. InMmwr(Vol.62).http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23535757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4328\/JCAM.3897"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Fever of unknown origin and Q\u2010fever: A case series in a Bulgarian hospital","volume":"10","author":"Baymakova M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00298-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-7-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(55)92898-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00876.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60733-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0705.010504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/131932"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2012.664777"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0169"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Acute Q fever as a cause of acute febrile illness of unknown origin in Taiwan: Report of seven cases","volume":"96","author":"Ko W. C.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1402.070971"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Combined laboratory approach to detection of parvovirus B19 and Coxiella burnetii in patients with fever of unknown origin","volume":"65","author":"Krumova S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Laboratory"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0261"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/380798"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00804-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2205.150953"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.518"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/15303660260613747"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1438-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0363"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","article-title":"A sero\u2010epidemiological survey of brucellosis, Q\u2010fever and leptospirosis in livestock and humans and associated risk factors in Kajiado County\u2010 Kenya","volume":"4","author":"Nakeel M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1569-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/248418"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2003.08.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1159\/000357107","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii \u2013 Pathogenic agent of Q (query) fever","volume":"41","author":"Seitz R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01420.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The sero\u2010epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii in humans and cattle, Western Kenya: Evidence from a cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Wardrop N. A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","unstructured":"Zoonotic Disease Unit. (2014).Q fever outbreak investigation and response_Baringo county.http:\/\/zdukenya.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Q\u2010fever\u2010outbreak\u2010investigation\u2010and\u2010response_Baringo\u2010county.pdf"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.493","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.493","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.493","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.493","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T08:56:38Z","timestamp":1693299398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.493"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.493"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.493","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.493\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.493\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.493\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.493\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.493\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}