{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:43:51Z","timestamp":1787240631402,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intestinal parasites have a significant impact on productivity of pigs. Additionally, presence of zoonotic parasites in pig faeces used as fertilizer and ingestion of raw or undercooked pork products originated from parasite\u2010infested pigs pose a risk to human health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in indigenous pigs (\n                      <jats:italic>Sus domesticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) maintained under traditional rearing system in Nepal.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fresh faecal samples (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0100) were collected from the pigs of varying age and sex maintained in 18 small\u2010scale farms in south\u2010central Nepal. Samples were processed using various standard methods and examined for parasite eggs, cysts or oocysts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prevalence of GI parasites in indigenous pigs was 91%, comprising of 14 different genera of protozoans and helminths. Male pigs generally had a higher (97.5%) prevalence of GI parasites than females (87%). While 90% of the suckling and weaner piglets were positive for the GI parasites, all growers and 85% the adult pigs were infected with the parasites.\n                      <jats:italic>Entamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. were the primary protozoans in all age groups.\n                      <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. was more prevalent helminths in suckling and weaner piglets, whereas Ascarid spp. were higher in both growers and adults. Triplet infection was higher (33.3%) in suckling and weaner piglets, while quadruplet and pentuplet infections were higher (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) among growers (46.7%) and adults (30%), respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The indigenous pigs harbour a higher prevalence and greater diversity of GI parasites. GI parasitism varies by sex and age of the pigs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T05:55:52Z","timestamp":1621662952000},"page":"1820-1830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Gastrointestinal parasites of indigenous pigs (\n                    <i>Sus domesticus<\/i>\n                    ) in south\u2010central Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5876-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roshan B.","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Research Laboratory Faculty of Science Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) Khumaltar, Lalitpur Nepal"},{"name":"Third Pole Conservancy Bhaktapur Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5641-1333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhuri","family":"Adhikari Dhakal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4534-1349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Texas Children's Microbiome Center Department of Pathology Texas Children's Hospital Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9952-1786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tirth R.","family":"Ghimire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Research Laboratory Faculty of Science Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) Khumaltar, Lalitpur Nepal"},{"name":"Department of Zoology Tri\u2010Chandra Multiple Campus Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d220326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"A Case study of multiple parasitisms in a calf buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)","volume":"41","author":"Adhikari R. 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