{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:15:44Z","timestamp":1772118944430,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011134","name":"Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011134","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community science is increasingly utilized to track important vectors of companion animal disease, providing a scalable, cost\u2010effective strategy for identifying new foci, changing phenology, and disease prevalence across wide geographies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined photographs of ticks found attached to predominately dogs and cats reported to a photograph\u2010based tick surveillance program to identify potential areas for improvements in tick prevention education and risk intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared estimated days of tick attachment using a Kruskal\u2013Wallis one\u2010way analysis of variance, and a Pearson's chi\u2010square analysis of variance on the number of submissions by host type submitted for each season.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The blacklegged tick (\n                      <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was the most common species reported (39.8%). Tick photographs submitted were almost entirely adults (89.5%), and ticks found on companion animals exhibited an estimated median engorgement time of 2.5 days.\n                      <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                      displayed the highest median engorgement of the top tick species found feeding on companion animals (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a098.96,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Ticks were spotted year\u2010round; during spring and summer, ticks collected from pets represented 15.4 and 12.8% of all submissions, but increased to 28.5 and 35.2% during autumn and winter, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Crowdsourced data reveal that mostly adult ticks are detected on pets, and they are found at a point in the blood\u2010feeding process that puts pets at heightened risk for disease transmission. The increase in proportion of ticks found on pets during colder months may reveal a critical knowledge gap amongst pet owners regarding seasonal activity of\n                      <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a vector of Lyme disease, providing an opportunity for prevention\u2010education.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T03:46:39Z","timestamp":1629431199000},"page":"2198-2208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An analysis of companion animal tick encounters as revealed by photograph\u2010based crowdsourced data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2353-6142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather L.","family":"Kopsco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vector\u2010Borne Disease, University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island"},{"name":"TickEncounter Resource Center Kingston Rhode Island"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3383-811X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland J.","family":"Duhaime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TickEncounter Resource Center Kingston Rhode Island"},{"name":"Environmental Data Center, University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas N.","family":"Mather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vector\u2010Borne Disease, University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island"},{"name":"TickEncounter Resource Center Kingston Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1673-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12030225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2003.01260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70034-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Bacon R. M. Kugeler K. J. Mead P. S. & Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2008).Surveillance for Lyme disease\u2013United States 1992\u20102006. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries 57(10) 1\u20139."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6747a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.10.093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-004-0139-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjx053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0580"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12768"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0395"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjx089"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Biology and control of ticks infesting dogs and cats in North America","volume":"5","author":"Dryden M. W.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Veterinary Therapeutics: Research in Applied Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjab007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv237"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.1450"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.6.1410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/14769"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2020.2637"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects9020036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/36.3.376"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1590-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0803.010166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.546"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2699.2002.00790.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104263"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2013.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/1530366041210710"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0194262X.2018.1541430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00440-3"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","first-page":"742","article-title":"Transmission times and prevention of tick\u2010borne diseases in dogs","volume":"25","author":"Kidd L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Compendium"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017000117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","unstructured":"Lyme Disease (2020).Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases (DVBD). Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ticks\/tickbornediseases\/lyme.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.11.1448"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02880.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.205.02.186","article-title":"Competence of dogs as reservoirs for Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi)","volume":"205","author":"Mather T.N.","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAVMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Feline tick\u2010borne diseases","volume":"3","author":"Nagamori Y.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Today Veterinary Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199644"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.25.3.557-558.1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-015-9950-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjy006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-40.2.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","volume-title":"Designing and conducting survey research: a comprehensive guide","author":"Rea L. M.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/47.5.890"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6717e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3847-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134812"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103908"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6622a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-017-1268-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(00)01856-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15030478"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/ME13115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8060910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-013-0890-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817000826"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjbinx.2019.100060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jipm\/pmy006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1912"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/32.6.853"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-370"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.586","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.586","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.586","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.586","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T19:32:37Z","timestamp":1725651157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.586","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v4\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v4\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v5\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v5\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v5\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v4\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.586\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}