{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:15:03Z","timestamp":1772118903443,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011917","name":"Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine & Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Food handlers regardless of whether preparing or serving food, play key roles in the transmission of food\u2010borne infections. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in food handlers in Iran. In the present study, a comprehensive literature search was carried out in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran Medex and Iran Doc, to identify all the published studies from 2000 to 31st April 2019. A total of 25 articles from different regions of Iran were identified and fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Totally, 140,447 cases were examined and 1163 cases were infected with intestinal parasites. Of all cases, 19,516 were male and 5901 were female with 1163 and 652 infected cases, respectively. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was evaluated 14.0% [95% CI: 11.0\u201017.0%]. It is revealed that protozoan, such as\n Giardia lamblia<\/jats:italic>\n , with prevalence of 41.0% [95% CI: 25.0\u201059.0%],\n Blastosystis hominis<\/jats:italic>\n with 28.0% [95% CI: 15.0\u201044.0%] and\n Entamoeba coli<\/jats:italic>\n with 22.0% [95% CI: 16.0\u201029.0%] had the highest prevalence while,\n Dientamoeba fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n 5.0% [95% CI: 4.0\u20107.0%],\n Iodamoeba b\u00fctschlii<\/jats:italic>\n 5.0% [95% CI: 2.0\u20108.0%],\n Chilomastix mesnili<\/jats:italic>\n 5.0% [95% CI: 2.0\u20109.0%] and\n Endolimax nana<\/jats:italic>\n with 3.0% [95% CI: 1.0\u20107.0%], were less prevalent. Infection with\n Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n 7.0% [95% CI: 0.0\u201029.0%] was more prevalent helminth followed with\n Enterobius vermicularis<\/jats:italic>\n 3.0% [95% CI: 1.0\u20105.0%],\n Hymenolepis nana<\/jats:italic>\n 2.0% [95% CI: 1.0\u20103.0%],\n Taenia<\/jats:italic>\n spp. 2.0% [95% CI: 0.0\u20107.0%] and\n Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic>\n 1.0% [95% CI: 0.0\u20101.0%]. The high prevalence of commensal parasites, such as\n Entamoeba coli<\/jats:italic>\n , which does not need cure is indicating the importance of personal hygiene in food handlers.\n <\/jats:p>\n Our results revealed the high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in food handlers in Iran. Monitoring programs to prevent and controlling of transmission to individuals are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T14:19:47Z","timestamp":1628259587000},"page":"2450-2462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in food handlers of\n Iran<\/b>\n : A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Khojasteh","family":"Sharifi\u2010Sarasiabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehrgan","family":"Heydari\u2010Hengami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azar","family":"Shokri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector\u2010borne Diseases Research Center North Khorasn University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0593-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"HosseyniTeshnizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2007.03.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Public health importance of some common intestinal protozoa in food handler in Baghdad","volume":"8","author":"Abd Al\u2010Muhsin AL\u2010Khayat F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intestinal Protozoa in Food Handler in Baghdad"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"A comparison of direct technique and formalin\u2010ether method in determining parasitic infection among health\u2010card applicants in Shahroud City","volume":"7","author":"Amiri M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Medical Laboratory Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Medical Parasitology","author":"Arora D. R.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Asadi B. Ahi A.(2011).Survey of these diseases \u2010 intestinal Artisans and food preparation and distribution centers and public places in the city Neishabour during year 1389. Congress paper Yazd Iran [paper in Persian]."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Epidemiology of intestinal parasites among applicants receiving Health Card of Ardabil City in 2014","volume":"9","author":"Babaei Pouya N.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites among the food handlers in the city of Qom, 2014","volume":"8","author":"Balarak D.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Salamat Jamea"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8461965"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"402","article-title":"Prevalence of Giardia lamblia among food handlers and day\u2010care workers in Tehran","volume":"10","author":"Dargahi D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Payavard\u2010Salamat"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"An investigation on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in food handlers in Arak (Iran) during 2002\u20132003","volume":"3","author":"Davami M. H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Publication bias in Meta\u2010Analysis: Prevention, assessment and adjustments","author":"Ebrahim G.","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among food\u2010handlers of a tertiary hospital in Manila using direct fecal smear and formalin ether concentration technique","volume":"33","author":"Esparar D.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Philippine Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/iji.14588"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"An investigation on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in food preparation and distribution centers and public places in the city Hamedan","volume":"1","author":"Fallah M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Health Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"915","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections frequency in referredpatients to a large teaching hospital, Khuzestan, Southwest, Iran","volume":"35","author":"Feiz Haddad M. H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tropical Biomedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Protozoan Infections of Restaurant Workers in Tabriz, Iran","volume":"1","author":"Garedaghi Y.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Haraty Nejad Torbati A. R.&Khanjani N.(2011). Epidemiological study of intestinal parasites in managers of food preparation distribution and sales centers and public places from the beginning of 2008 to the end of 2010 in Rashtkhar city.https:\/\/www.civilica.com\/Paper\u2010NATURE01\u2010NATURE01131.html Article code: COI NATURE01_131. Congress in Iran [Article in Persian]"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in food handlers health applicants in areas covered by Shomal Health Center in Tehran in 2016","volume":"5","author":"Hatami H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Community Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites in food handlers of Bandar Abbas, Southern Iran","volume":"47","author":"Heydari Hengami M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"The prevalence of some intestinal parasites in food\u2010handlers of Asian and African countries: A meta\u2010analysis","volume":"4","author":"Kassani A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among food vendors referred to Gonbad\u2010e\u2010kavus health central laboratories in 2013","volume":"2","author":"Khazan H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites in bakery workers in Khorramabad, Lorestan Iran","volume":"6","author":"Kheirandish F.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652014000200004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in food handlers in Gorgan, Iran","volume":"6","author":"Koohsar F.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medical Laboratory Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Parasitic and enteric bacterial infections among food handlers in tourist\u2010area restaurants and educational\u2010institution cafeterias, Sai\u2010Yok district, Kanchanaburi province, Thailand","volume":"34","author":"Kusolsuk T.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine Parasitology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"652","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites among food\u2010handlers in Shiraz, Iran","volume":"10","author":"Motazedian M. H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"The prevalence of intestinal parasites in staff working at the restaurants of Tabriz city","volume":"40","author":"Mohammadzadeh A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2006.2699.2703"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasite infestation in the food suppliers of Kerman City, Iran, in 2010","volume":"1","author":"Salary S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Health & Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(15)61002-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652015000200007"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"2475","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among food handlers in Khuzestan, Southwest of Iran: A 10\u2010year retrospective study","volume":"6","author":"Saki J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"African Journal of Microbiology Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e3181aa2814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001920"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12691\/jfnr-5-5-7"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.590","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.590","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.590","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T10:13:51Z","timestamp":1693217631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.590"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.590","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v5\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v4\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v4\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v5\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v5\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v4\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v4\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v5\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v3\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.590\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}