{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T09:12:21Z","timestamp":1781773941702,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TURSP \u2010 2020\/142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP \u2010 2020\/142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    is one of the most hazardous diseases in poultry farms. Markedly, the application of active immunostimulants is illustrated as potential protective agents against infection in poultry farms. Thus, this work aimed to explore inter\u2010 and intra\u2010breed variation in response to acute and subchronic\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enteritidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in two\u2010layer breeds (one commercial [Hy\u2010line strain] and another native [Fayoumi breed]). Besides exploring the possible protective effect of a commercial immune modulator (STIMULAN) on the two breeds during the acute infection. The ELISA antibody titer in sub\u2010chronic infections and the expression analysis of some selected genes (\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>LITAF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>TGF\u2010\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>HSP90<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>HSP70<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) are used as the clinical signs for acute infections to assess the possible protective role of a commercial immunomodulator (STIMULAN). Five groups were used during the acute experiment: G1\u2014control; G2a\u2014susceptible; G2b\u2014resistant birds, G3\u2014which received STIMULAN and G4\u2014which received the infection + STIMULAN. The groups with sub\u2010chronic infections include G1 (control), G2 (high antibody titer) and G3 (low antibody titer). The gene expressions among the susceptible birds during acute infection of both breeds are nearly similar. They only differ in the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>HSP90<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the Fayoumi breed. However, the resistant birds vary in their gene expression profile. The effect of STIMULAN as a feed additive in non\u2010infected birds was an up\u2010regulation of\n                    <jats:italic>LITAF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>TGF\u2010\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>HSP90<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Fayoumi. Moreover, a powerful stimulatory role was observed when both breeds were infected. Both breeds were asymptomatic during the sub\u2010chronic infection. Although, the increased expression of inflammatory\u2010related genes in the Hy\u2010line was considered as an indication of infection persistence. Fayoumi is capable of immune clearance for this infection. Thus, the Fayoumi breed is more resistant to acute\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                    <jats:italic>HSP90<\/jats:italic>\n                    plays a vital role in its resistance. We recommend the use of STIMULAN as an immunomodulator during\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T02:21:56Z","timestamp":1631154116000},"page":"2353-2361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Intra\u2010 and inter\u2010breed variation in immune response to acute and sub\u2010chronic\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    infection and commercial immune\u2010stimulant in two\u2010layer breeds"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Shymaa A.","family":"Khatab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Laboratory Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabaan A.","family":"Hemeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Laboratory Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer F.","family":"El\u2010Nahas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Laboratory Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walaa S.H.","family":"Abd El Naby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Laboratory Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabry","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology College of Science Taif University  Taif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamal A.","family":"Alorabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology College of Science Taif University  Taif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4887-8838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud A.O.","family":"Dawood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agriculture Kafrelsheikh University  Kafrelsheikh Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1351945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00348"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimorium identification in poultry carcasses","volume":"10","author":"Afshari A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2009.11.005"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Control of Salmonella enteritidis infection in male layer chickens by acetic acid and\/or prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics","volume":"76","author":"Attia Y. 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