{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T16:45:00Z","timestamp":1784133900451,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006928","name":"Ohio State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The placement and accuracy of pulse oximeter probes can vary markedly among species. For our study, we aimed to assess the accuracy of pulse oximetry and to determine the most clinically useful sites for probe placement in llamas and alpacas. The objectives included an analysis of pulse oximetry probes for accurate assessment of llamas and alpacas and to determine the best placement of the probes to achieve accurate readings. For study 1, saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen was measured in 184 arterial blood gas samples (SaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) using a co\u2010oximeter and compared to saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen simultaneously measured using a pulse oximeter (S<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). The bias and precision for the SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010S<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>difference was calculated and plotted on a Bland\u2010Altman plot. For study 2, S<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>data was collected 624 times from a variety of sites [tongue (T), nasal septum (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS<\/jats:styled-content>), lip (L), vulva (V), prepuce (P), ear (E), and scrotum (S)] and recorded based upon a percentage of successful readings. Results for study 1 revealed that S<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>was consistently 0 to \u22126% points different than S<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. The bias and precision of the S<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013S<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>difference was \u22122.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7%. Results for study 2 uncovered that 540 recordings were successful readings and were obtained from the tongue and nasal septum with 97% accuracy, the lip 80%, vulva 62%, prepuce 59%, ear and scrotum &lt; 50%. We concluded that pulse oximetry probes provide reliable estimates of arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation in llamas and alpacas and is most accurately read when placed on the nasal septum or tongue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.68","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T08:32:47Z","timestamp":1499761967000},"page":"169-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessment of clinical application of pulse oximetry probes in llamas and alpacas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Tamara L.","family":"Grubb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine 601 Vernon Tharp Rd. Columbus Ohio 44201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0745-7591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David E.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine 601 Vernon Tharp Rd. Columbus Ohio 44201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb01615.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.1.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Pulse oximetry \u2013 a non\u2010invasive method for direct and continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation and pulse rate \u2013 comparative studies with blood gas analysis and hemoreflectometry in the dog, swine and sheep","volume":"102","author":"Erhardt W.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1030080302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-31-1-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.53.04.537","article-title":"Evaluation of accuracy of pulse oximetry in dogs","volume":"53","author":"Jacobson J.D.","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.1999.tb00134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.1995.tb00123.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2995.2003.00121.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/38.9.1601","article-title":"Pulse oximetry: theory and applications for noninvasive monitoring","volume":"38","author":"Mendelson Y.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Monitoring of the oxygen saturation of horses during halothane anesthesia using pulse oximetry in the nasal septum","volume":"104","author":"Moens V.Y.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199604000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.236.1.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Oxygen saturation monitoring in experimental surgery: a comparison of pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas measurement","volume":"45","author":"Vender J.R.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Laboratory Animal Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1993.54.04.497","article-title":"Accuracy of a reflectance pulse oximeter in anesthestized horses","volume":"54","author":"Watney G.C.G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1990.tb01179.x"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fvms3.68","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.68","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T10:39:01Z","timestamp":1719311941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.68"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.68"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.68","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-07-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}