{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T02:50:49Z","timestamp":1791687049984,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epididymal sperm can be collected post\u2010castration or post\u2010mortem. This method has already been described for alpaca (<jats:italic>Vicugna pacos<\/jats:italic>), but little data are available on success rate and the influence of diluent on it.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of epididymis incision as an extraction method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post\u2010castration epididymides (n\u00a0=\u00a078) were incised and semen was collected from cut surfaces. Further sperm were flushed with two semen extenders. For the left epididymis, a diluent without animal proteins and for the right, a diluent with egg yolk was utilised. Collected sperms were immediately spermatologically examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to incorrect measurements, the samples of seven epididymides were not analysed. An evaluation was possible in 58 samples. Average density was 108.80\u00a0\u00b1\u00a083.28 million\/mL and motility was 53.30\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.17%. On average, 76.70\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.60% of the sperm were vital in eosin\u2010stained specimens. In the hypoosmotic swelling test, an average of 69.50\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.48% of the sperm had an intact plasma membrane. Semen extender had no effect on spermatological parameters (p\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Overall success rate of sperm recovery was 83%. Extraction of epididymal sperm was possible in 68.80% of the 2\u2010year\u2010old males. The 13 epididymides from which no sperm recovery was possible were histologically examined and for 10, there was no histological evidence of sperm. The corrected success rate was 95.60%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Testicular volume (p\u00a0=\u00a00.0453), but not age (p\u00a0=\u00a00.62), had an effect on the probability of obtaining sperm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T10:23:34Z","timestamp":1638872614000},"page":"157-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Epididymis incision as a method to collect epididymal sperm cells in alpacas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2738-9859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlen","family":"Auer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology for Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology for Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Failing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3313-4852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel","family":"Wehrend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology for Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028\u2010016\u20100191\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.208.02.261","article-title":"Comparison of two techniques for castration of llamas","volume":"208","author":"Baird A. 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