{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:56:00Z","timestamp":1786978560420,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Silymarin, the predominant compound of milk thistle, is an extract took out from milk thistle (\n                      <jats:italic>Silybum marianum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans with strong antioxidant capability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The experiment was conducted using 70 Lohmann LSL\u2010Lite hens at 80 weeks of age with 7 treatments each with 10 replicates. Treatments included: (1) control diet without silymarin, (2) daily intake of 100\u00a0mg silymarin powder\/kg body weight (BW) (PSM100), (3) daily intake of 200\u00a0mg silymarin powder\/kg BW (PSM200), (4) daily intake of 100\u00a0mg nano\u2010silymarin\/kg BW (NSM100), (5) daily intake of 200\u00a0mg nano\u2010silymarin\/kg BW (NSM200), (6) daily intake of 100\u00a0mg lecithinized silymarin\/kg BW (LSM100) and (7) daily intake of 200\u00a0mg lecithinized silymarin\/kg BW (LSM200). The birds were housed individually, and diets were fed for 12 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scanning electron microscopy showed that NSM was produced with the average particle size of 20.30\u00a0nm. Silymarin treatment improved serum antioxidant enzyme activity. All groups receiving silymarin showed a decrease in liver malondialdehyde content, expression of fatty acid synthase, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 (IL\u20106) genes in the liver, and hepatic steatosis than the control, except those fed the PSM100 diet. There were decreases in liver dry matter and fat contents, non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocyte ballooning, and an increase in glutathione peroxidase gene expression and a decrease in iNOS gene expression in birds fed the NSM100, NSM200, LSM100 and LSM200 diets compared to the control group. Moreover, all groups receiving silymarin showed a significant decrease in liver weight compare to the control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the effects of silymarin when converted to NSM or LSM and offered at the level of 200\u00a0mg\/kg BW were more pronounced on the hepatic variables and may be useful in the prevention of the liver disease in older laying hens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T09:46:20Z","timestamp":1727343980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluating the therapeutic effect of different forms of silymarin on liver status and expression of some genes involved in fat metabolism, antioxidants and anti\u2010inflammatory in older laying hens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0835-7576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samira","family":"Faryadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agricultural University of Kurdistan  Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8427-2825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ardashir","family":"Sheikhahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agricultural University of Kurdistan  Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7373-7378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayoub","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3061-5810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Himan","family":"Nourbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Engineering Faculty of Agriculture University of Kurdistan  Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"Effect of dietary soy lecithin on laying performance, egg quality and meat texture of aged layer hen","volume":"39","author":"Akit H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2019.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2008.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660500392092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101232"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew160"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24112155"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev094"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2021.1975503"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2017.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864\u2010019\u20106185\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101478"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21859\/hums\u201023048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.10.2623"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816\u2010016\u20100019\u20102"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Potential health effects of the dietary flavonol quercetin","volume":"50","author":"Hertog M. 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