{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:57:30Z","timestamp":1786978650363,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Avian leukosis is a significant viral disease affecting chicken populations globally, including Bangladesh, resulting in high mortality and morbidity rates and causing substantial economic losses in the commercial poultry industry. This study aimed to detect avian leukosis virus (ALV) during recent outbreaks in Bangladesh, utilising a molecular\u2010based approach. A total of 14 liver samples were collected from the suspected layer flocks in Bangladesh. The diagnosis of ALV infection in chickens was confirmed through necropsy, histopathological examinations, reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR), and sequence analysis. Gross observations revealed severe liver enlargement with scattered white nodules on the surface in the infected chickens. Histopathological observations showed the infiltration of huge mononuclear inflammatory cells in the periportal area of liver and microvesicular fatty degeneration and necrosis of some hepatocytes. RT\u2010PCR results identified three samples positive for the\n                    <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene of ALV. Sequence analysis of the\n                    <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes demonstrated high homology among the identified strains (97%\u201398%) and with reference strains (92%\u201396%) at the nucleotide level. The phylogenetic tree revealed close relatedness of the three identified strains to reference strains from India, USA, and China. Mutational analysis indicated several mutations throughout the envelope glycoprotein of the identified strains. Protein structure analysis showed minor changes in the hydrophobic region of the envelope protein of the identified strains. In conclusion, this study, the first detailed investigation in Bangladesh, contributes to understanding ALV epidemiology, highlights genetic diversity, and emphasises the necessity for further investigations and the implementation of effective control measures in the affected regions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T12:41:10Z","timestamp":1727095270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Avian Leukosis Virus From Field Outbreaks in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1487-5444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Golzar","family":"Hossain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riman","family":"Pathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SM Nazmul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anandha","family":"Mozumder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moslema Jahan","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjana","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandan","family":"Sikder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riyan Al Islam","family":"Reshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roni","family":"Mia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukumar","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tofazzal","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmin","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"407","article-title":"Detection by PCR of Multiple Subgroups of Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV) in Broilers in the Sudan","volume":"4","author":"Abdellatif M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(15)60889-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"3299","article-title":"Identification of True Exogenous Avian Leukosis Virus Transmitters by Serological and Molecular Assays","volume":"8","author":"Appavoo E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/aajbb.v1i1.61526"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102334\u201010\u2010337"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021014728217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"869","article-title":"Mechanisms for Congenital Transmission of Avian Leukosis Virus 2","volume":"37","author":"di Stefano H. S.","year":"1966","journal-title":"JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"322","article-title":"Sites of Avian Leukosis Virus Multiplication in Congenitally Infected Chickens","volume":"27","author":"Dougherty R. M.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705\u2010022\u201005404\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0592165"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10101747"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071\u2010021\u201004976\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/BJI\/2017\/31123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2018.e278"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2020.g452"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2021.h518"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006708"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9076755"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"Strain MC29 Avian Leukosis Virus. Myelocytoma, Endothelioma, and Renal Growths: Pathomorphological and Ultrastructural Aspects","volume":"38","author":"Mladenov Z.","year":"1967","journal-title":"JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008\u20105472.CAN\u201005\u20101728"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022\u20101317\u201072\u20104\u2010801"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02002\u201016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859\u2010014\u20100363\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"1697","article-title":"Avian Leukosis in Chickens: A Clinicopathological Survey","volume":"5","author":"Sagarika S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1590343"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"678","article-title":"Estimation of the Number of Nucleotide Substitutions When There Are Strong Transition\u2010Transversion and G+C\u2010content Biases","volume":"9","author":"Tamura K.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.907287"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.1998.0283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201090479\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917\u2010022\u201003139\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11060500"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10010016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13440"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917\u2010019\u20102150\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2021.114352"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.70044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T10:06:04Z","timestamp":1745489164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.70044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.70044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.70044","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70044\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70044\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70044\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70044\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70044\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70044\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.70044\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70044"}}