{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:09:16Z","timestamp":1783444156638,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008323","name":"Zanjan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A\u201012\u201095\u201015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A\u201012\u201095\u201015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Liver flukes from the genus\n Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n are the causative agents for human and livestock fascioliasis. Accurate identification of\n Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n spp. is essential to understanding the epidemiology of fascioliasis. This study aimed to determine the morphometric and molecular characterization of\n Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n spp. in livestock from Northwestern provinces of Iran.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Five hundred adult\n Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n flukes were obtained from different definitive hosts (cattle, sheep, goats, and buffaloes) in four local abattoirs in the northwestern provinces of Iran (West\u2010Azerbaijan, East\u2010Azerbaijan, Ardabil, and Zanjan) from September 2021 to August 2022. All samples were examined by morphometric criteria; then, 49 samples were identified using PCR\u2010RFLP based on ITS1 region and 23 sequence of isolates analyzed by\n cox1<\/jats:italic>\n marker. PCR\u2010RFLP methods compared morphometric results, and\n cox1<\/jats:italic>\n gene sequences were used to confirm PCR\u2010RFLP results and phylogenetic analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The differences between the body length, body width, cephalic cone length, cephalic cone width, body area, and distance between the ventral sucker and posterior end of the body in two species were significant (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Based on the morphometric criteria, 139 samples (27.8%) were identified as\n Fasciola gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n and 361 (72.2%) as\n Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n . Similarly, PCR\u2010RFLP analysis of ITS1 region confirmed morphometric results. No hybrid forms of\n Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n were detected. Partial sequences of\n cox1<\/jats:italic>\n showed 13 variable sites with eight haplotypes in\n F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n and 12 variable sites with five haplotypes in\n F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Based on the results of this study, the PCR\u2010RFLP method can be used to confirm the morphological method of\n Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n species, but it is insufficient to study their genetic diversity. Also, sequences of\n cox1<\/jats:italic>\n results of the present study showed that\n F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n and\n F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n species in the Northern provinces of Iran have different genetic structures and haplotypes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T08:05:16Z","timestamp":1730189116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Morphometric and Molecular Characterization of\n Fasciola<\/i>\n spp. in Livestock From Northwestern Provinces of Iran"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Galavani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8283-6447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saber","family":"Raeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Karamian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negin","family":"Torabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2962-544X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Haniloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X13000369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2016-0037"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"The Status of Human and Animal Fascioliasis in Iran: A Narrative Review Article","volume":"10","author":"Ashrafi K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2006.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871526518666180816102040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12682"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90109-W"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"1315","article-title":"Molecular Characterization of Animal Fasciola Spp. Isolates From Kermanshah, Western Iran","volume":"45","author":"Bozorgomid A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2019.100359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2012.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/147.2.915"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2012.03.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Genetic Characterization of Fasciola Isolates From West Azerbaijan Province Iran Based on ITS1 and ITS2 Sequence of Ribosomal DNA","volume":"11","author":"Galavani H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06298-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2015.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.17-0406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118201600161X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005008292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.67.1115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jbs.2008.1166.1173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1996520"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Human Liver Flukes: A Review","volume":"57","author":"Mas C. 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